| 摘要: | 在勞動市場中，工時法制化是相當重要的一門課題，而近期臺灣工時法制化變革中，「一例一休」係蔡政府上任後首要推動之勞動政策，「一例一休」主要係蔡政府為保障臺灣勞工之工作時間，並落實「周休二日」的過渡法案，而此次法制變革在相距短短不到一年的時間，又經歷了再次變革。但是無論是再次變革前、或是再次變革後，其中所產生的爭議甚多，且社會各界經過多次周旋與角力，仍然無法達成共識。
市民社會理論係檢視民主先進國家訂定公共政策的一種研究方法，主要係以「市民導向」作為訂定公共政策的基礎，然而在擬訂與推動政策需要一定的社會共識，其中進行有效的社會對話就是形成社會共識的一種方式，因此以發展民主先進國家為目標的臺灣，亦必然須依循此概念作為訂定公共政策之基礎，因此本研究將以市民社會理論作為研究方法檢視臺灣「一例一休」變革中的社會對話，並試圖找尋「一例一休」法制化變革爭議之原因。
德國係較臺灣民主化較為成熟之國家，也因如此，德國對於公共政策訂定與臺灣相比，必然較為成熟，而「工作4.0」係德國近期較受國際關注的勞動議題，且係為探討「工業4.0」自動化及數位化對德國工作態樣造成之影響；然「工作4.0」之議題與工作時間係有密切之關聯性的，因此，本研究將以德國「工作4.0」政策化作為標竿，並以臺灣「一例一休」法制化相互比較，試圖找尋具體且值得效仿之訂定公共政策方式，作為臺灣「一例一休」法制化之借鏡。
In the labor market, the institutional mechanism of working hours is a very important topic of discussion. In the recent legal reform of the working hours in Taiwan, the "one mandatory day off and one flexible rest day" is the first labor policy promoted by the Tsai government since it took office. The "one mandatory day off and one flexible rest day" is mainly for the Tsai government to safeguard the working hours of Taiwanese workers and to implement the "two-days-a-week holidays" transitional bill. This legal reform has experienced yet another change in the space of less than a year. However, no matter whether it was before or after the second reform, lots of controversies have been generated and the society has been unable to reach a consensus after numerous rounds of mediation and bargaining.
The Theory of Civil Societies examines a research approach to the formulation of public policies in advanced and democratic countries, mainly using "citizen orientation" as the basis for the codification of these public policies. However, in the formulation and promotion of policies, a certain amount of social consensus is needed. An effective social dialogue is a way to form a social consensus. With its goal of developing into such a state, Taiwan must definitely follow this concept as the basis for formulating public policies. Therefore, this study will use the theory of civil society as a research method to examine the transformed social dialogue of the "one mandatory day off and one flexible rest day" in Taiwan and try to find out the reasons for the controversy of the "one mandatory day off and one flexible rest day" institutional mechanism.
Germany is a maturely more democratic society than Taiwan and is, therefore, comparatively more bound to be sophisticated in the formulation of public policies. " Arbeit en 4.0" is a labor issue that has attracted increasing international attention to Germany recently on matters such as the impact of automation and digitization resulting from "Industrie 4.0" on the working conditions in Germany; nevertheless, the issue of "Arbeiten 4.0" is closely related to the working hours. Therefore, this study will take Germany's " Arbeiten 4.0" policy as a benchmark to compare Taiwan's institutional mechanism of "one mandatory day off and one flexible rest day". It will attempt to find a concrete and worthy way of emulating the formulation of public policy with the reference to the institutional mechanism of "one mandatory day off and one flexible rest day" in Taiwan. |
