| 摘要: | 本研究探討澳門老人福利政策之發展過程、實施現況、制度特色、以及影響因素。中國大陸、台灣、香港、和澳門均為華人社會，都傳承了以儒家思想為主流的文化傳統，但如今澳門因為博奕事業稅收豐裕，而能夠在老人福利上做較多資源投入，但其實際執行情況為何，具有那些特色或者優點與缺點？本研究從澳門整體社會福利發展歷史出發，進一步檢視澳門老人福利政策的發展、現況、與特色，梳理出影響澳門老人福利政策發展之解釋因素，然後將澳門與台灣的老人福利政策做一比較。
經過文獻研讀和對16位產官學界有關人士進行深度訪談，本研究發現，澳門老人福利政策歷史可分為五個發展階段：即啟蒙草創時代、立法傳承時代、合作發展時代、成長茁壯時代、和穩健成熟時代。本研究並分別從政治、經濟、社會、福利服務等四方面，來說明澳門老人福利政策的特色。在澳門與台灣老人福利政策的比較上，本研究採取《聯合國老人福利綱領》作為比較的基準，分別從「獨立」、「參與」、「照顧」、「自我實現」、與「尊嚴」等5個要點來做檢視。研究結果發現，台灣的財政能力雖然不如澳門，在這5個立基點上均相對較為進步，因此，台灣的老人福利政策仍然有值得澳門參照之處。
This study explores the development process, implementation situation, institutional characteristics, and influencing factors of the welfare policy for the elderly in Macao. Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao are all Chinese communities inheriting the same cultural tradition of Confucianism as the mainstream. However, Macao is now able to make more resources for the welfare of the elderly because of the abundant taxation of gambling. But what is the actual implementation situation with what features or advantages and disadvantages? Based on the history of the overall social welfare development in Macao, this study further examines the development, current situation, and characteristics of the welfare policy for the elderly in Macao. It sorts out the explanatory factors affecting the development of the welfare policy for the elderly in Macao and then compares the welfare policies of the elderly in Macao and Taiwan.
After literature research and in-depth interviews with 16 people involved in the business, official, and academic circles, this study found that the history of the welfare policy for the elderly in Macao can be divided into five stages: the era of enlightenment, the era of legislation, the era of cooperation and development, and the era of growth and prosperity. This study also illustrates the characteristics of the welfare policy for the elderly in Macao from the four aspects of politics, economy, society, and welfare services. In the comparison of the welfare policies of the elderly in Macao and Taiwan, this study adopts the United Nations Principles for Older People as a benchmark for comparison, from the 5 principle of “independence”, “participation”, “care”, “self-realization” and “dignity”. The study found that although Taiwan's fiscal capacity is not as good as that of Macao, it is relatively advanced on these five principles. Therefore, Taiwan’s welfare policy for the elderly is still worthy of reference by Macao. |
