在以往的學理與實務上，公務人員議題是被排除在台灣社會的勞動議題之外。但是，從整個勞動市場觀之，倘若公務人員不屬於勞動市場之一環，為何在台灣公部門的聘任中，同樣的工作場域或工作範圍，有人的身分屬於公務人員，而有的卻以勞退及勞保身分而應分屬於勞工？又甚者，就算堅持公務人員不屬於勞動者，退休的公務人員在各界社會氛圍及經濟壓力下，卻與其他勞工共同在一般的勞動市場中競爭。至少從這樣的觀點而言，退休並領取公職退休金的公務人員以其專業知識及其僅所需的、較少的補充性薪資，的確足以影響一般勞動市場的供需狀況，而應當當作勞動市場研究的變因看待。
我國政府在勞動市場中進行改革並意欲完善國民老年經濟需求的照護，近年來推動一系列的退休改革方案。在一般勞動市場中，退休金制度、國民年金制度都使得勞工在退休保障上逐漸成型，呈現向上趨勢；但在公務人員聘任系統中，一則為了社會正義，又或者在國家資源有限的限制下，公務人員的退休金與福利卻相繼縮減，而呈現著向下趨勢。因此，在這個一來一往的法制化過程中，原本以國家考試切割開來的公、私部門聘任，將有可能促使台灣規制化而分裂的勞動市場重新合而為一。在此種變遷之浪潮下，退休公務人員的再就業，將會是此次勞動市場變動中的首個衝擊波。
本研究第一章解析當前台灣社會的公、私部門改革的過程，尤其是雙方觀點的衝突；第二章則述明勞動生涯的意義，尤其是社會意涵方面；第三章以德國勞動市場變動作為世界勞動潮流的背景說明，尤其是國民老年照護部分；第四章則探討公務人員退休的法制化，尤其是公務人員在勞動市場中的角色變動；第五章以行政首長面對退休公務人員的態度與作為，輔以首位退休公務人員面對再就業的撫卹個案研究，說明退休公務人員再就業面臨的法律尷尬情境；第六章以基本收入作為連結公、私部門與退休的可能解答，作為本研究的結論。
Taiwan’s public servants have long been excluded from the scope of the country’s labor issues﹐ in both theory and practice﹒ However﹐ from the perspective of the labor market as a whole﹐ if public servants were not part of it﹐ a question would arise as to why﹐ despite working for Taiwan’s public sector at the same workplace or within the same job scope﹐ some employees are called public servants and some labeled laborers just because they receive labor pension and labor insurance﹒ Moreover﹐ even if public servants do not fall in the laborer category﹐ retired public servants—when driven by economic pressure in the current social atmosphere—will compete with other laborers in the general labor market﹒ There are concerns that retired public servants who receive public pensions are indeed able to impact the supply-demand situation in the general labor market when they seek reemployment using their professional knowledge and asking for relatively low compensation as a supplementary income in addition to their pension﹒ In light of this﹐ it is necessary to consider retired public servants as a variable in labor market research﹒
The Taiwanese government has carried out reforms in the labor market and intends to better fulfill the economic needs of the country’s elderly population through the series of retirement reform programs implemented in recent years﹒ In the general labor market﹐ the labor pension system and the national pension system are gradually becoming mature in securing retirement protection for laborers﹐ showing an upward trend﹒ However﹐ in the civil service appointment system﹐ the retirement payments and benefits of public servants have been reduced due to social justice and limited national resources﹐ thus showing a downward trend﹒ Therefore﹐ in the two-pronged legalization process﹐ the hiring of the public and private sectors﹐ currently divided by the process of national examination﹐ will likely promote the re-union of Taiwan’s labor market﹐ which is currently in an institutionalized division﹒ In the waves of change﹐ the re-employment of retired public servants will be the first to impact the labor market﹒
The first chapter of this study analyzes the current process of public and private sector reforms in Taiwan﹐ with a focus on the conflict between different viewpoints﹒ The second chapter elaborates on the meaning of a labor career﹐ especially the social implications﹒ The third chapter elaborates on global labor trends with labor market changes in Germany as the backdrop﹐ especially the aspect of national elderly care﹒ The fourth chapter explores the legalization of the retirement of public servants﹐ with a focus on the changing role of retired public servants in the labor market﹒ The fifth chapter illustrates a legally awkward situation of retired public servants from the perspective of chief executives’ attitudes and behaviors toward retired public servants﹐ with a true case study of a retired public servant who was re-employed﹒ The sixth chapter draws conclusions﹐ suggesting the use of basic income as a possible solution to the problem of linking the public and private sectors when it comes to retirement issues.
