中國大陸網路科技應用暨治理策略之研析

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Title:	中國大陸網路科技應用暨治理策略之研析 The Analysis of Internet Technology Application and Governance Strategy in Mainland China
Authors:	袁怡棟 (YUAN, YI-TUNG)
Contributors:	國家發展與中國大陸研究所博士班
Keywords:	網路科技網路強國網路治理網路安全網路經濟 Internet Tchnology National Cyberpower Cyber Security Internet Governance Internet Economy
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-06-12 11:42:48 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	網路科技是近年來中國大陸發展最快、影響最廣的新興產業之一，人們日漸融入網路生活，眾多求新求變的手機、網路社群、網路購物、網路視頻，網路科技讓生活起了重大改變。看出中國大陸經過短短30年，網路科技進步快速且充滿活力，改變了世人對中國傳統的守舊印象。中國大陸在網路發展過程中，政府政策帶來重大作用，近年來中國大陸適時提出建設「網路強國」戰略目標，並以四大策略全力推進網路發展，涵蓋面向包含網路基礎設施，網路應用經濟、網路科技自主創新，到網路空間安全等，策略過程及影響是本研究的主要方向。總體而言，四大策略是彼此關連的，最關鍵的是網路科技自主創新，目標是要擺脫科技依賴自立自強，當國家有強大的網路科技力支撐下，其他的網路相關領域才可能順勢推展。其他策略也有各自發展目標，就網路基礎設施而言，要讓全國網路速率提升，消除區域數位落差；就網路應用領域而言，要讓網路科技應用到各產業，除帶動數位經濟成長外，也應用到社會、文化、教育、環保、工業、政務等，提昇生活水平，帶來社會重大變革；就網路空間安全而言，除了藉由網路技術，建築網路長城阻絕外在資訊世界外，同時網路安全也有防止網路犯罪、免於人民遭受網路侵害的功能。另外研究亦關注到，由於網路科技力提升，將導致全球科技競爭的緊張關係，美國一向是技術領導國，但中國5G技術領先，美國為維持霸權地位，採取種種抵制企圖阻擋，由貿易戰到科技戰到網路戰，在互不相讓下，中、美兩國終將走自己發展道路，形成兩個網路世界。研究最後也提出幾點建議：網路科技發展要拋棄路徑依賴激勵企業自主創新、秉持實用主義精神引領網路科技發展，及展現強國自信宜早日撤除網路長城。 In recent years, Internet technology is one of the fastest growing and most influential, emerging industries in mainland China. People are increasingly integrated into internet life, such as Smart phone, Network communities, internet shopping, internet video, and Internet technology have made difference in people’s lives. Lasted 30 years, Internet technology rapid advancement has changed the world's impression of Chinese tradition conservative. In recent years, Government of China has proposed “National Cyber power Strategy” and promoted the development four strategies of the Internet, Including network infrastructure, internet application economy, Internet technology innovation, cyberspace security, etc, the directions of study are policies process and impact. In general, the four strategies are related to each other. The most critical one is the indigenous innovation of Internet technology, the goal is to get rid of technology reliant. When only the national’s Internet technology is strong enough, related program are possible development Smooth. Other strategies also have their own development goals, In terms of network infrastructure, it is necessary to increase the transmission rate and eliminate the regional digital gap; In the field of internet applications, to apply network technology to various industries, in addition to driving digital economic growth, it is also applied to society, culture, education, environmental protection, industry, government affairs, etc., to improve living standards and bring about social changes; In terms of cyberspace security, to build the Great Wall with using internet technology blocks information of the outside world, while cybersecurity also protects against cybercrime and protects people. In addition, the research also pays attention to the fact that the improvement of internet technology will lead to tension. The United States has always been a technology leader, but China's 5G technology is leading, and the United States has means to block the hegemonic challenge. From trade wars to technology wars to cyber wars, under competing each other, China and the United States will eventually follow their own development path and form two internet worlds. Final, we were made several suggestions: Internet technology development should abandon path dependence and encourage enterprise independent innovation, leading the development of internet technology with the spirit of pragmatism, and early removal of the Great Wall.
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