| 摘要: | 現今，深圳是中國城市化發展最快的地方之一。改革開放前從沒有城市只有鄉村墟鎮的地方到一線超大城市的地方，迅速的從鄉村變到都市，傳統客家人聚居的聚落面臨城市化所帶來的整體拆遷和對社會網絡的破壞。目前客家聚落研究與保護，因物質層面（physical）的文化資產是形象且具體的，而容易得到保護和關注；而偏非物質層面（non-physical）客家聚落的社會網絡（social network）關係，則因較難以具體化而不容易得到關注。近年來社會網絡分析方法已有顯著的發展，應用在既有聚落的各種社會分析亦在起步階段，為能在空間規劃的觀點下探討聚落的社會網絡。本研究以客家族群的同一宗族聚居為主的田段心聚落的族譜為主要的依據，並透過現地訪談與調查補充村落中的親屬關係資料。此外，本研究結合社會網絡分析方法（Social network analysis, SNA）與地理資訊系統（Geographical Information System, GIS），依據以血緣關係記載的族譜與建物權利人分佈圖，進行村落的社會網絡與空間分析，並針對網絡結構的穩定性（Stability）和脆弱性（Vulnerability），以及均衡性（Balanced）的社會網絡指標（index）進行評估與GIS空間疊圖分析（spatial and overlapping analyst），以及對聚落內部空間距離與社會網絡關係強度、集體經濟與社會網絡的指標計算結果進行相關性的分析，將社會網絡的保護作為空間規劃的重要依據與原則，為社會網絡的保護提出建議與對策。
本研究成果首先是為通過社會網絡分析方法建構社會網絡結構拓撲模型，再通過網絡完備度指標測量整體的穩定程度為較好的水準，同時也在局部穩定度中呈現比較高的測量結果，從對穩定性的測量得出整體網絡結構呈現較好的水準。並找出局部穩定度的穩定來源的成員及空間分佈；對脆弱性的測量結果顯示為三個，占總體比例相對是比較小，影響程度不一，其中節點196號為影響最大，找出影響的幅度及在空間的分佈，而其他的切點（cutpoint）相對重要性較低；並且對局部穩定程度不一的節點進行與現行公佈之規劃進行套疊分析得出眾多的穩定點都是位於擬拆遷區內。然後就社會網絡與集體經濟的股份持有人進行相關的分析，並對雙方契合度及與局部穩定的、影響力大的節點進行套疊，尋找出兼具兩種身份的更穩定的且影響力大的部分。最後本研究綜合社會網絡分析的結果并結合空間分析，進行對聚落社會網絡的保護和後續規劃發展進行綜合的討論，為客家聚落找到適合其在都市化過程中的具有在地特色的保護性的規劃建議與對策及對深圳地區進行社會網絡的評估提供一個可行的模式。
Today, Shenzhen is one of the fastest growing cities in China. Before the reform and opening up, there was no place where there were only towns and villages in the countryside and super-big cities in the first-line cities. They quickly changed from villages to cities. The settlements where traditional Hakka residents lived faced the overall demolition and destruction of social networks brought about by urbanization. At present, the research and protection of Hakka settlements is easy to get protection and attention because the physical cultural assets are visual and concrete, and the social networks of non-physical Hakka villages are because it is more difficult to be concrete, it is not easy to get attention. In recent years, social network analysis methods have developed significantly. Various social analyses applied to existing settlements are also in the initial stage, so as to discuss settlement social networks under the perspective of spatial planning. This study is based on the genealogy of the Tian Du Xin settlement, where the same clan of the Hakka people is concentrated, and supplements the kinship data in the village through local interviews and surveys. In addition, this study combines social network analysis (SNA) and Geographical Information System (GIS) to analyze the social network and spatial analysis of villages based on the genealogy records of the genealogy and building rights records recorded in the blood relationship. , and assess the stability and vulnerability of the network structure, and the balanced social network index, and spatial and overlapping analysts (GIS)。In addition, this study combines social network analysis (SNA) and Geographical Information System (GIS) to analyze the social network and spatial analysis of villages based on the genealogy records of the genealogy and building rights records recorded in the blood relationship. . And for social network structure stability, vulnerability, balance of social network indicators for evaluation and GIS spatial and overlapping analyst. This study analyzes the correlation between the distance between the settlements internal space and the strength of social networks, and the calculation results of collective economic and social networks. The analysis result is that the protection of social networks is taken as an important basis and principle of spatial planning, and suggestions and countermeasures are proposed for the protection of social networks.
The first result of this research is to construct a topological model of social network structure through social network analysis methods. After measuring through the network completeness index, the results show that the overall stability is at a good level, and it also shows a relatively high degree of local stability. The measurement results show that the overall network structure shows a good level from the stability measurement. In this study, the members and the spatial distribution of the stable sources were found through analysis. The results of the vulnerability measurement showed three, which accounted for the relatively small proportion of the overall impact, and the degree of influence varied. The No. 196 node was the most influential one. Find out the magnitude of the impact and its distribution in space, while the other tangential points are relatively less important; In addition, the inversion analysis of the nodes with different degree of local stability and the current published plan shows that many points with good stability are located in the demolition area. Then analyze the social network and the share holders of the collective economy, and nest the overlap between the two parties and the local stable and influential nodes to find a more stable and influential relationship with both identities. The big part. Finally, this study integrates the results of social network analysis and combines spatial analysis to conduct a comprehensive discussion on the protection and follow-up planning and development of settlement social networks, so as to find suitable protective features for local settlement in the process of urbanization for Hakka settlements. Planning proposals and countermeasures and assessment of social networks in Shenzhen provide a viable model. |
