近來醫護人員過勞之案件頻傳，醫護人員之工作時間較一般職業高出甚多已非新聞，雖醫護人員目前除醫師外皆已納入勞基法之適用，但從各民間團體之統計資料中不難看出超時工作之情形仍未改善。從近來具代表性之案例臺南高分院102年度重勞上字第1號判決以來，醫護人員之超時工作問題逐漸受到學界及實務界之關注，住院醫師為目前受勞動法規範保護最少之族群，也經由法院實務透過法解釋之方式肯定其屬於勞工之身分，而受到一定程度的保障，由此可見實務對於醫護人員勞動權益保障不足之議題亦採取肯認之見解。本文以我國勞動法令之規範為大前提，探討醫護人員各項勞動權益在適用上所產生之爭議，從對醫護人員勞動現況之調查中，進一步針對個別勞動法與集體勞動法中之各項權益在醫療產業中適用所遇到之問題逐一探討，並對於爭議最多之工作時間與職業災害做較深入之研究，從而發現醫護人員所受到之保障不足並非僅止於制度面向上之缺失，尤為嚴重者，係執行層面之多項疏漏，醫護人員由於具有一定之職業特殊性，在爭取提升勞動條件保障時，常受到來自各界的壓力；另外，醫護人員之工作內容與其薪資不成正比，待遇相對不佳導致人才流失，醫護人力愈加不足，如此惡性循環導致目前醫療現況上逐漸出現五大皆空、護士荒等問題。上述諸多問題皆源於制度面上之保障不足，加以醫院並未確實落實勞基法之規定，故本論文以為可透過官方改進措施及非官方改進措施兩個面向以改善醫護人員之勞動權益，官方改進措施又可分為制度面與執行面之具體落實方法；非官方改進措施則可以強化醫院內部協商機制之方式，以達改善醫護人員勞動權益之目的。
In view of the special characteristics of medical professional, it becomes an important topic to research those working conditions and practice of individual or collective labor rights. Recently, the case of medical professional overwork is become more and more common. The working time of medical professional is much higher than the average career. In the past, physicians were mostly self-employed with full profession autonomy. But now, it has become a national consensus to include physicians in Labor Standards Act. Now, expect for physicians, all medical professional has been applied to Labor Standards Act. However, statistics of the civil society is not difficult to see that the situation of overtime work has not improved. This paper try to discuss the controversy of the working conditions of medical professional, especially to dissertate the long working hours and occupational accidents. Insufficient protection of medical professional is not only because of the institutional problem, but the negligence of implement. And, the treatment of medical professional is unfavorable. All of the reasons result in the shortage of medical professional.
