| 摘要: | 足球運動（football）被稱之為世界第一運動，參與和關注足球運動的人數數以億計，足球運動員比賽場數多，強度大，如果沒有好的恢復措施，足球運動員很難承受大密度比賽，所以，對足球運動員的疲勞、恢復訓練進行研究有著實際意義。本文通過文獻資料法對近年來針對足球運動員的疲勞與恢復方面的文獻進行研究整理，重點對足球運動的特殊性、足球運動員產生疲勞的原因，足球運動員供能特點、疲勞恢復學說的機制，足球員恢復訓練的策略選擇等方面進行論述。研究發現，足球運動員疲勞的產生原理眾多，其中能源物質耗竭學說、代謝產物堵塞學說、離子代謝紊亂學說、內穩態失衡學說和心理疲勞學說是目前足球運動研究的重點。研究指出目前足球運動員恢復訓練的策略，主要包括制定合理的恢復訓練計劃、補糖和補水、伸展、熱療和冷療等主動性恢復策略，以及睡眠、按摩和心理調節等被動性恢復策略。未來足球運動員的恢復措施應該多元融合，並且一些新手段需要得到不斷實驗量化加以證實。
Football is known as the No. 1 sport in the world, with hundreds of millions of people engaging in and concerned about football. Nowadays, football players play more games and which are more competitive. Football players can not afford without good recovery measures. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the fatigue of the sport and recovery training of football players. In this paper, we use literature method to survey the fatigue and recovery of footballers in recent years, focusing on the particularity of football, the causes of fatigue, the energy supply characteristics, the mechanism of fatigue recovery, recovery training strategy selection and other aspects to be discussed. The study found that the theory of energy exhaustion, the theory of blockage of metabolites, the theory of ion metabolism disorders, the imbalance of homeostasis and the theory of mental fatigue are the focuses of football research. The study found that the current strategies for the recovery of football players mainly include the establishment of reasonable recovery training programs, active rehabilitation strategies such as supplementing sugar and hydration, stretching, heat and cold therapy, and passive recovery strategies such as sleep, massage and psychological adjustment. The recovery measures of future football players should be Multiple fusion, and some new means need to be confirmed by constant experimental quantification. |
