| 摘要: | 國家以徵收補償手段對人民私有財產進行徵收，推動公用、公益事業，人民各項基本權如生存權、工作權、財產權、居住及遷徒自由等各項基本權，即因政府施行土地徵收，強制取得人民私有財產，因而使人民各項基本權受到國家嚴重侵犯，尤以財產權侵犯最為嚴重，人民內心悲憤、仇恨政府心情不斷交集，最後不惜走上街頭，串聯起各項大型陳情抗議活動，喚起社會大眾對土地正義關注、抗議政府濫行徵收。
依照憲法、土地徵收條例，其他法律規範所允許徵收土地公共利益事業項目、程序，最重要目的即是為了讓政府能順利推動公共利益事業，而公共利益是否淪落成為政府以公共利益名目，實際濫行動用土地徵收手段，本研究即從現行各項徵收補償法律規範中，以徵收、補償、公共利益、為基礎研究核心方向，試著從憲法結構中所內涵憲政核心精神，從保障人民基本權、比例原則、法律保留原則、制度性保障、國家保護義務、正當程序保障等憲法基本核心精神，外延至法規實質內容規定如土地法、土地徵收條例、對於土地徵收項目、程序、徵收補償市價規定、公共利益範圍界定，研究法律規範是否有不足、應修改處。
我國與大陸，政治、經濟、社會、法律規定雖存有不同差異，但兩岸人民血脈相連、同文同種、生活習慣相似，兩岸徵收補償法律雖有不同，人民面對政府以強制徵收手段，強制取得人民私有財產所引發不滿、憤怒卻是一樣;兩岸徵收補償法律規範雖不相同，以比較法學為研究出發點，兩岸法律具有相互學習研究、互為借鏡，充實法律核心內容、藉由兩岸法學比較、思考如何降低政府施政與人民不滿間衝擊;研究法律規範不足處，作為法律修正參考，為本論文研究方向及目的。
With compensation, the country expropriates the private properties of the people to promote public use and public interest. People’s basic rights, such as right to life, right to work, property right, freedom of residence and movement, etc., are violated by the country due to the fact that the government conducts land expropriation to obtain people’s private properties. Property right is the one violated the most. Their anger and hatred to the government gradually accumulate, and finally they walk on the street, upholding various large movements of statement and protest. Such movements awaken the society’s justice and concern about the land, and make them stand against government’s abuse of expropriation.
According to the ROC Constitution and Land Expropriation Act, for items and procedures of land expropriation for public interest allowed by other laws and regulations, the most important purpose is to allow the government successfully promotes the public interest. As for whether the public interest simply becomes a reason for the government to expropriate lands or not, the study now, from various laws and regulations of expropriation and compensation, takes expropriation, compensation, and public interest as the core directions of the research. It attempts to research if the laws are insufficient and needed to be revised from the aspects of protecting people’s basic rights, proportionality, principle of legal reservation, institutional guarantee, responsibility to protect, and due process guarantee included in the core spirit of constitution in the constitutional structure; and from these aspects, the study can extend the discussion to the concrete legal contents, such as Land Act, Land Expropriation Act, regulation to items, procedures, price of compensation for land expropriation, and definition of the range of public interest.
Although there are differences of politics, economy, society, and law existing between Taiwan and Mainland China, the people on both lands share same bloodline, language, race, and similar life customs. The laws on expropriation and compensation of cross strait are different, but people’s dissatisfaction and anger to the doings of expropriating people’s private properties by the government are the same. The laws on expropriation and compensation of cross strait are different. Starting from comparative law, the laws of cross strait can learn and research from each other to fulfill the core contents of the laws, considering how they can reduce the impact and dissatisfaction between the government and people. Researching the insufficient parts of the laws and becoming the reference of revising the laws are the direction and purpose of this study. |
