| 摘要: | 1903年汽車進入上海，這一來自於歐美世界的洋貨，在上海華人社會，帶來不少變化。
1900年初，為了政務、醫療與傳教的需求，歐美租界領事機構官員購進汽車，此後汽車進口上海數量逐年增加，使用汽車的消費者，從洋人擴展至政商界的富有華人。看好汽車在上海的銷售潛力，越來越多的汽車公司在滬開設，大型汽車公司聯合舉辦汽車展覽，在《申報》等中文報刊刊登廣告宣傳，兼營銷售、維修與出租，使得購買或使用汽車的人口逐年遞增。1928年國民政府推展公路建設，面對中國公路運輸需求增加的龐大商機誘惑，如福特、通用等跨國汽車公司，紛紛來上海設置汽車分行，爭取中國交通運輸市場。
汽車數量在上海逐年增加，駕駛汽車的汽車人力─汽車夫相當稀少，缺乏人車分道的觀念，車禍頻傳，汽車夫成為下等社會的代表職業。汽車量少價昂的形象，成為富有階層人士「出風頭」的玩意兒，不僅駕車兜風，在婚喪場合利用汽車擺闊、搞排場。
為了減少車禍，上海市政單位廣置紅綠燈、交通警察、汽車駕照考試，推行「人車分道」與「靠左行」的交通觀念，設置汽車學校，培訓具有交通安全觀念的汽車駕駛人力，帶動私人興辦汽車教育風氣，使得以汽車駕駛為職業的人力大增，帶動出租汽車業的興盛。華界的上海特別市政府為了改正社會婚喪排場擺闊風氣，推動新式婚喪體制，在蔣介石等名人身體力行之下，汽車在婚喪場合的使用情形漸增。汽車亦成為政治遊行的宣傳工具，在元旦、國慶與國貨運動的場合逐年使用。汽車在報刊媒體的廣告宣傳下，在1930年代，成為摩登男女的必備用品，成為洋化時尚指標之一。
因此，汽車在上海，隨著數量增加，逐漸進入華人的婚喪風俗、摩登時尚與政治宣傳制度，華人使用汽車的機會逐漸遞增，甚至於，在華人自辦的汽車展覽會，展出號稱是華人自製的「國貨汽車」，自製汽車成為上海華人邁向現代的交通強國理想之一，奠定1950年代上海自製汽車風氣基礎。
The automobile used in Shanghai since 1903. The exotic commodities brought some change between chinese people in Shanghai.
From 1903, for the needs of government affairs, medical and missionary, the officers of European and American concesssions purchased automobiles. The import quantity of automobiles in Shanghai had increased every year. Several rich chinese people had used automobiles in Shanghai. For the commerical interests, more and more car companies had established in Shanghai, they hold car exhibitions, advertised in Shenbao, operated business of selling, repair and rental. More and more chinese people had used automobiles in Shanghai. The Nationalist government hold road construction, Ford Motor Company and General Motors Company had set up branch offices in Shanghai for the huge commerical interest of road transport in China.
The quantity of automobile had increased every year, but the numbers of drivers had very few in Shanghai. These drivers had lacked the concept of separating people and vehicles, made many car accidents in Shanghai. They had become the representative occupation in inferior society in Shanghai. The automobile had been few and expensive. The rich people had used them for paradising their wealth in weddings and funerals.
The municipal governments in Shanghai had set up traffic lights, traffic police and car driving tests, promoted the concept of separating people and vehicles and lefting to the left. The municipal governments in Shanghai had set up the car school, promoted the private car schools atmosphere, caused the increased numbers of car drivers and the prospering of taxi industry. The municipal governments in Shanghai had established the system of new weddings and funerals. Under the guidance of Chiang Kai-shek and other celebrities, the increased frequency of the chinese people used the automobiles for their weddings and funerals. The automobile had become the propaganda tool for political parade, and the modern fasion indicator.
Therefore, the quantity of automobile had increased every year, had been entering chinese marriage and funeral customs, the modern fasion indicator and the system of political propaganda, caused the increased frequency of the chinese people used the automobiles. Even, in the car exhibition the chinese people hold, they had displayed the chinese made car. Manufacturing cars had become the ideal of drivering towards modernity for the chinese people, layed the foundation of chinese manufacturing car industry in Shanghai. |
