| 摘要: | 請求言語行為被稱為「威脅面子行為」(face threatening acts, FTA)，請求言語行為使用得當與否會影響談話參與者之間的關係，甚至引起交際失敗，向對方提出請求時，往往會給雙方帶來負擔，禮貌表現的使用則可以顧及雙方的面子並減少雙方的負擔。近來語言學者提倡語言教學應該教的是如何讓學習者達到有效率的溝通。溝通能力意不單指文法知識，而是隨著社會因素的狀況改變而使用適切的語言能力及文化知識，還有對於談話中的認知及表現能力。
第二章闡述西方學者對於禮貌的定義，人類社會有共同遵循的禮貌原則，每個語言遵循這樣的共性之外還有各自的特色與特性，本文先介紹韓語與華語如何在語言上表達禮貌，為了推測台灣韓語學習者的禮貌表現與策略上是否有母語遷移的現象或是受到韓語教材影響，有必要先了解華語和韓語的異同處，並翻閱台灣普遍使用的三大韓語教材對於幾個與禮貌表現有關的解釋，以及列舉教材例句，確認了台灣韓語學習者應該具備了禮貌請求的基本能力。
本文為評估台灣韓語學習者語用能力中的一環─禮貌表現的現況，以DCT問卷調查(Discourse Completion Test, DCT)方式收集台灣韓語學習者、韓語母語者與台灣華語母語者語料。問卷設定三個需要運用禮貌請求的情境，面對社會權力高低不一的三個聽話者，台灣韓語學習者如何運用文化、語言知識提出請求，其請求策略與禮貌表現與韓語母語者如何不同以及推測不同的原因是本文重點。問卷結果顯示，母語話者策略選擇相當集中，可見不同的語境下，同一國家的人對於策略使用的適當性是有共識的。第三章第二部分，為評估台灣韓語學習者的語用能力是否有正向的發展，又分為初中級學習者與中高級學習者兩大群組。問卷結果發現中高級韓語學習者在請求策略選擇上與初中級學習者相當相似，與韓語母語者差異較大；禮貌表現上，中高級學習者有比初中級學習者稍微成長，但不論程度，台灣韓語學習者在禮貌表現上都有母語遷移的現象，以及禮貌語氣敏感度不夠的疑慮。
筆者最後整理台灣、韓國，以及韓國、台灣學習者間請求策略與表現的不同之處，揭示台灣學習者在韓語語用學習上容易被忽略之處，期望台灣韓語教育能更重視語用教學，促進學習者語用能力的發展及增進跨文化間的交流能力。
Speech Act of Request is called “face threatening acts” (FTA). Improper use of Speech Act of Request may affect the relationship between conversation participants, at times even causing communication failure. When making a request to another party, it often brings psychological burden for both sides. On the other hand, polite expression can maintain dignity and also reduces the burden on both parties. Recently, linguists have advocated that language teaching should teach how to enable learners to communicate effectively. The ability to communicate not only refers to grammatical knowledge, but also refers to the use of appropriate language skills and cultural knowledge depending on the changes in social factors, as well as cognitive and performance skills in conversation.
The second chapter expounds politeness as defined by Western scholars. Every human society has a set of politeness principle, with each language following its linguistic principles as well as having its own characteristics and features. This article first introduces how Korean and Chinese express politeness in language. In order to speculate whether the phenomenon of mother tongue migration or Korean coursebook affects the polite expression and tactics of Korean learners in Taiwan, it is necessary to first understand the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean, browse several explanation that related to the polite expression in three Korean coursebook commonly used in Taiwan, and enumerate some examples to ensure that Taiwanese Korean learners have the basic ability of polite request.
In order to assess the status of polite expression in Taiwanese Korean language learners' pragmatic competence, this dissertation uses Discourse Complete Test (DCT) to collect the data from Taiwanese Korean learners, Korean native speakers, and Taiwanese Chinese native speakers. The questionnaire sets up three scenarios that require to use polite requests. This dissertation focuses on discovering how Taiwanese Korean learners use cultural and linguistic knowledge to make requests, how their request strategies and polite expression are different from native Korean speakers, as well as speculate the reasoning behind such behaviors while facing three listeners with varying levels of social power. The result of the questionnaire shows that native speakers’ choice of strategies is quite concentric. It can be seen that in different contexts, people in the same country have a consensus on the appropriateness of the use of strategic use. The second part of the third chapter is to assess the positive developments on pragmatic competence of Taiwanese Korean learners. Learners are divided into two groups: beginner level learner and advanced level learner. The results of the questionnaire discovered that Korean learners at the advanced levels are quite similar to those at the beginner levels in request strategic choices, and are significantly different from Korean native speakers. In terms of polite expression , advanced level learners have grown slightly more than the beginner level learners. Yet, regardless of the level, Korean language learners in Taiwan had displayed the phenomenon of mother tongue migration on polite expression and lack of being sensitive enough to politeness.
The author finally sorted out the differences between Taiwan-South Korean, and South Korean-Taiwanese learners in requesting strategies and expression , revealing what are more likely to be ignored by Taiwanese learners in learning Korean pragmatics. It is expected that Korean language education in Taiwan emphasize pragmatic teaching to promote the development of learners' pragmatic competence and enhance the communication skills of inter-cultural. |
