| 摘要: | 本論文旨在研究利用熔融混煉法製備熱塑性聚乳酸/奈米碳酸鈣(改質前與改質後)之複合材料，並檢測其物理性質、熱性質、機械性質、光學性質、動態機械性質。本實驗使用3-甲基丙烯酸基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate , MPS)接枝於奈米碳酸鈣表面進行改質。用聚乳酸樹酯添加改質奈米碳酸鈣和未改質奈米碳酸鈣製備不同的成分克數(每一百克的聚乳酸再外加奈米碳酸鈣之不同重量百分比)之奈米複合材料。
探討不同成分克數的CaCO3和MPS-m-CaCO3對聚乳酸樹酯奈米複合材料的形態學(粒徑分析、FT-IR、SEM、ESCA、XRD、RAMAN)、物理性質(密度、空孔率)、熱性質(TGA、HDT、VST、MI、DSC)、機械性質(硬度、抗張強度、耐磨耗指數及耐衝擊強度)、光學性質(透光度)及動態機械性質(DMA)之性能和影響的差異程度。
實驗結果得知，經由TGA、FTIR、XRD、XPS及RAMAN測試，可以證明矽烷偶合劑接枝的成功，並在粒徑分析下，也證明經由改質後之奈米碳酸鈣粒徑較改質前之粒徑大小要更大，證實矽烷偶合劑改質成功。
在聚乳酸樹脂添加CaCO3與MPS-m-CaCO3部分，物理性質的測試，密度皆上升，而空孔率是在1phr為佳；在機械性質測試結果，硬度、磨耗指數皆為上升，耐衝擊強度在改質1phr為最高，抗折模數、抗折強度、抗張強度則下降，抗張模數在加入未改質碳酸鈣1phr為最低，延伸率在加入未改質碳酸鈣1phr為最高；在熱性質方面，DSC結晶度加入CaCO3及MPS-m-CaCO3皆為上升，VST與HDT皆
在3phr時為最高，MI熔融指數隨著CaCO3及MPS-m-CaCO3的添加量增加而上升；光學性質結果得知，隨著改質前後碳酸鈣添加量增加，透光率呈現下降趨勢，而改質後比改質前的透光率還要好。
以上結果顯示出聚乳酸樹脂添加未改質奈米碳酸鈣粉末，有助於提升聚乳酸之耐磨耗(5phr最好)、延伸率(1phr最好)、衝擊強度(5phr最好)、熔融指數(5phr最好)。而添加改質過後奈米碳酸鈣粉末，有助於提升聚乳酸樹脂之耐磨耗(5phr最好)、抗張模數(5phr最好)、結晶度(5phr最好)、衝擊強度(1phr最好)、熔融指數(5phr最好)。
關鍵字：聚乳酸、奈米碳酸鈣、矽烷偶合劑、改質、奈米複合材料
This project object is to manufacture thermoplastic polylactic acid (PLA) / nano- Calcium carbonate, CaCO3 (include non-modify and modify) nanocomposites by melt mixing method and its physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, optical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. The research used 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate (MPS) grafted onto the surface of nano-calcium carbonate for modification. Polylactic acid resins were used to prepare modified nano-calcium carbonates and unmodified nano-calcium carbonates nanocomposites of different composition grams (per 100 grams of polylactic acid contained in the composition of the number of grams).
Explore the different components of the number of grams of CaCO3 and MPS-m-CaCO3 nanometer morphology of polypropylene resin composites (Particle, FT-IR, SEM, ESCA, XRD, RAMAN), the optical properties (Transmittance), physical properties (Density, Porosity), mechanical properties (Hardness, Tensile strength, Abrasion index and impact strength), thermal properties (TGA, HDT, VST, MI, DSC) and dynamic mechanical properties (DMA) for the performance and impact the degree of difference.
The experimental results show that the success of the grafting of MPS can be proved by TGA, FTIR, XRD, XPS, and RAMAN tests, and that under the particle size analysis, the particle size of the modified nanometer calcium carbonate is also improved. The MPS-m-CaCO3’s size should be larger, confirming the success of MPS.
In the polylactic acid resin added CaCO3 and MPS-m-CaCO3 part, the physical properties of the test, the density increased, while the porosity is better in 1phr; in the mechanical properties test results, hardness, wear index are all increased, impact strength at the highest 1 phr of modification, the flexural modulus, flexural strength, and tensile strength decreased. The tensile modulus was the lowest at 1 phr of unmodified calcium carbonate, and the elongation was highest at 1 phr of unmodified calcium carbonate. In terms of thermal properties, the addition of CaCO3 and MPS-m-CaCO3 in DSC crystallinity increases, the highest in VST and HDT at 3 phr, and the MI melt index increases with the addition of CaCO3 and MPS-m-CaCO3; As a result of the nature, it was found that with the increase in the amount of calcium carbonate added before and after the modification, the light transmittance showed a downward trend, and the light transmittance before the modification was even better after the improvement.
The above results show that the addition of unmodified nanometer calcium carbonate powder to polylactic acid resin helps to increase the wear resistance (5 phr is the best), the elongation (1 phr is the best), and the impact strength (5 phr is the best) of polylactic acid. The addition of modified nano-calcium carbonate powder helps to increase the wear resistance of polylactic acid resin (5phr is the best), tensile modulus (5phr is the best), crystallinity (5phr is the best), impact strength (1phr is the best), melt index (5phr is the best).
Key words: polylactic acid, nano calcium carbonate, MPS, modification, nanocomposite |
