| 摘要: | 在策略管理領域中，廠商間的競爭互動分析一直是重要研究主題，但在過去的研究多著墨於廠商之間靜態的策略型態或影響，此與市場上廠商實際在市場上發起的競爭行為仍有距離。本研究全局的考量了廠商、研究產業、行動與跨國相關因素，進一步考察、分析廠商間的競爭性互動，彌補過往專注於靜態的市場競爭者分析之研究缺口，更細膩的探討廠商相互之間進行競爭性互動的實際情形，以及對廠商績效的影響。另外，過往動態競爭系列研究鮮少探討在競爭者行動特性影響下的動態競爭性互動，在本研究藉由結合動態競爭與時間集中度，探討多國企業於全球市場的競爭性互動。
本研究為動態競爭系列研究中，首次以全球石油產業為研究產業，並進行實證分析。動態競爭系列研究中，具全球性之研究樣本取得實為不易，故本研究對於全球動態競爭系列研究之一般化上具有一定程度貢獻。本研究研究範圍自2009年至2017年共9年，並以季為單位共36季，於研究過程中，總共瀏覽了15,333則新聞，並將其進行歸納與整理，耗費多時。研究資料主要取自中國能源網以及與全球石油產業廠商的財務報表資訊並以結構內容分析法(structured content analysis)進行資料庫的建立。本研究將全球石油產業之競爭性行動歸類成31種行動分類，此亦為首篇研究將全球石油產業的行動進行歸納、整理與命名，提供全球石油產業的實務貢獻。最後經篩選研究樣本後，
本研究選定自石油情報周刊(Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, PIW)全球58家石油廠商為研究樣本，以季為單位，一共蒐集了2,088個之樣本數，並以階層回歸模式進行統計分析。
本研究以察覺、動機與能力 (awareness-motivation-capability, AMC) 觀點為主軸，探討企業之行動、廠商變數對於廠商績效的影響，並進一步探討時間集中度在競爭行動特性以及績效間關係的干擾效果。實證結果發現：(1)焦點廠商之競合策略複雜性，對焦點廠商績效具正向影響；(2)焦點廠商之上游競合比例愈高，對焦點廠商的績效具有負向影響(3)在競爭者時間集中度干擾下，會弱化焦點廠商競合策略複雜性，對績效的正向影響。
本研究以跨國企業為研究樣本，探討跨國企業間的競爭性互動，並以時間集中度為干擾變數，細緻的探討跨國企業間競爭性互動的影響，以及動態競爭系列研究所教為欠缺之廠商間的跨國競爭性互動過程，提供未來動態競爭相關研究更為多元的研究方向。
In the field of strategic management, the analysis of competitive interactions between firms has always been an important research topic. However, in the past, most studies focused on the static strategic pattern or influence between firms, which is still far from the actual competitive behavior initiated by firms in the market. In this study, we concerns the firms, industry factor, competitive actions and multinational factors, further investigation, analysis of the dynamics of the competitive interaction among firms that make up the past focus on static analysis of market rivals research gap, a more exquisite manufacturers to the actual situation of competitive interaction between each other, and influence on the firm performance. In addition, the previous studies on dynamic competition seldom discussed dynamic competitive interactions under the influence of the action characteristics of competitors. In this study, by combining dynamic competition and temporal concentration, the competitive interactions of multinational companies in the global market were discussed.
This study is the first in a series of dynamic competition studies to research the global petroleum industry and conduct empirical analysis. In the dynamic competition series, it is not easy to obtain a global research sample, so this study contributes to the generalization of the global dynamic competition series. This study was divided into 36 seasons from 2009 to 2017. During the study, a total of 15,333 pieces of news materials were browsed and summarized. The research data are mainly collected from China5e and financial statement information of global petroleum industry manufacturers and constructed content analysis. This study classifies the competitive actions of the global petroleum industry into 31 types of actions. This is the first study to summarize, sort and name the actions of the global petroleum industry, providing the practical contribution of the global petroleum industry. Finally after screening of the sample, this study selected from Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, PIW) global top 50 and eight important producers as research samples, were collected 1700 producers ─ season (MNC─ season) of the sample, and hierarchical regression model were analyzed.
Based on the awareness, motivation and capability (AMC) perspective, this study explores the impact of corporate actions and vendor variables on firm performance, and further explores the effects of temporal concentration on competitive action characteristics and the relationship between performance. The empirical results show that :(1) The complexity of competition and cooperation strategy of focus firms has a positive impact on the performance of focus firms; (2) The higher the upstream competition ratio of the focus manufacturers is, which has a negative impact on the performance of the focus manufacturers; (3) Under the interference of rival's temporal concentration, the competitive and cooperation repertoire complexity strategies of focus firms will be weakened, which has a positive impact on performance.
To multinational companies as the research sample, this study discusses the competitive interaction between multinational companies, and temporal concentration as interference variables, and detailed exploration of the multinational enterprises and the effect of competitive interaction among and dynamic competition series institute teaching is lack of international competitive interaction among firms process, provide the future related research dynamic competition more diverse research direction. |
