本研究透過系統化的文獻分析探討問題本位學習（PBL）對學生學業成就及高層次思考能力的影響。本研究以後設分析法分析了國內PBL成效相關研究共67篇（學業成就計有45篇、高層次思考能力則為31篇），結果顯示PBL對於學生學業成就及高層次思考能力具有顯著地正向效應，整體效應量（ES）分別為0.41及0.70。本研究進一步發現，學業成就會受到兩個調節變項（學科領域及教學期間）之調節作用而呈現差異；高層次思考能力則會受到七個調節變項（學習階段、學科領域、PBL類型、數位平台與教材、教學期間、評量方式、及能力類型）之調節作用而呈現差異。
This study examines the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) on students' academic achievement and higher-order thinking abilities through a systematic review of existing literature in Taiwan. A meta-analysis of 67 studies (45 studies for the academic achievement, and 31 for higher-order thinking abilities) indicated statistically significant positive effects of PBL on academic achievement (ES = 0.41) and higher-order thinking abilities (ES = 0.70). In addition, two moderator variables (i.e., subject area and during of treatment) selected for examining students' academic achievement, and seven moderator variables (i.e., grade level, subject area, type of PBL, digital platform and instructional materials, during of treatment, method of evaluation, and type of ability) selected for examining students' higher-order thinking abilities had a statistically significant impact on the mean ES.
