論契約責任與侵權責任之競合關係

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题名:	論契約責任與侵權責任之競合關係 The Concurrent and Competition Relationship between Contract Liability and Tort Liability
作者:	劉亦茜
贡献者:	法律學系碩士在職專班
关键词:	契約責任侵權責任債務不履行侵權行為訴訟標的損害賠償違約行為可歸責事由構成要件競合
日期:	2018
上传时间:	2018-08-30 13:20:24 (UTC+8)
摘要:	違約責任和侵權責任的競合是指行為人實施的某一不法行為具有違約行為和侵權行為的責任規範，從而在法律責任上產生違約責任和侵權責任競合。競合理論是指一案件同時具有多數請求權時，在實務上責任競合的情形越來越頻繁，複雜程度也相對增加，責任競合在解決各個併存的請求權範之間，如何正確適用以滿足當事人權益。本文採抽象學說及具體實務案件兼具的方式，觀察個案或法規在不同的基礎事實、請求權、訴訟標的及訴之聲明等條件下，檢視責任競合之法律關係及訴訟攻防有無理由。文中將責任競合理論之沿革及發展、類型與內容、各國立法例、性質與樣態、中國法規分別設有章節進行研析整理。另外，在基礎上概念上也進行分析違約責任和侵權責任競合的特點與原因。當事人運用請求權、訴訟標的及訴之聲明表明訴訟範圍，而訴訟標的在實體法上之法律關係，是原告的受領給付地位（給付之訴）或形成地位（形成之訴），請求權、形成權僅為訴訟攻擊防禦方法。當事人所選擇的請求權基礎會直接影響最終具體個案的結果，所以在構築競合理論或請求權時，必須考量民事法律責任本身在條件上的限制、既判力或遮斷效等影響。 The coopetition of liability for breach of contract and liability for infringement refers to the fact that an illegal act committed by an actor has the responsibility for breach of contract and infringement, thereby resulting in a breach of contractual liability and tort liability in the legal effect. The co-opetition theory refers to the fact that when a case has a majority of claims at the same time, in practice, the situation of liability co-occurrence is more and more frequent, the complexity is also relatively increased, and the liability co-existence is used to solve various co-existing claims and how to properly apply to satisfy the rights and interests of the parties. In this article, the history and development of liability concurrence theory, type and content, legislative examples, nature and pattern of each country, and Chinese laws and regulations are set up to analyze and sort out the chapters. And on the basis of the concept, it analyzes the characteristics and causes of the liability for breach of contract and tort liability. The degree of complexity has also increased relatively. Liability arbitrage has been applied to solve various co-existing claims and how to apply them correctly to satisfy the rights and interests of the parties. The parties use of the claims, the object of litigation, and the statement of litigation indicate the scope of the lawsuit, and the legal relationship of the subject matter of the litigation in the substantive law is the plaintiff’s position of receiving payment (the litigation payment) or forming the status (the litigation of the litigation). Right is only a litigation attack defense method. The basis of the right of claim chosen by the parties will directly affect the outcome of the final specific case. Therefore, when constructing a competing theory or requesting right, it is necessary to consider the impact of the civil legal liability itself on the conditional constraints, recklessness or dissociation effectiveness.
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