| 摘要: | 蟲癭（insect gall）是植物經過造癭昆蟲取食、叮咬及產卵後產生不正常增生組織。蟲癭研究是研究動植物交互關係重要的議題，橫跨演化學、植物學、動物學等不同學門。而隨著次世代定序快速發展，以轉錄體探討基因表現等研究更加便捷。本論文研究大葉楠（Machilus japonica var. kusanoi（Hayata）Liao）蟲癭之轉錄體，研究蟲癭與感染葉基因表現差異，以了解蟲癭的形成發育機制。實驗結果一共發現2,990個差異表現基因，其中包含細胞壁、植物激素代謝、光合作用、二次代謝、四吡咯生合成等類群。資料顯示蟲癭組織光合作用相關基因表現量降低。此外再利用生理生化的方法，測定未感染葉、感染葉及蟲癭的光合作用速率、多酚類及丙二醛含量之差異。實驗結果發現未感染葉與感染葉間之光系統II效能無顯著差異；但兩著皆高於蟲癭，蟲癭中多酚類及丙二醛含量顯著高於感染葉及未感染葉。
Insect galls are the abnormal growth of plant tissue induced by herbivore, biting, or egg laying from insects. Study of insect gall is not only an important issue for the interaction between plants and animals, but also is interdisciplinary to evolutionary biology, botany, and zoology. The objective of this study was to investigate the transcriptsome of the insect galls. The globular-shaped galls on leaves of Machilus japonica var. kusanoi（Hayata）Liao were collected, and characterized the differential gene expression between galls and its host leaves using next generation sequencing technology. To investigate the forming and developed mechanism of insects gall from host plants, approximately 2,990 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between insect galls and host leaves from the transcriptome were identified. These DEGs were classified to at least the following functional categories: cell wall, hormone metabolism, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and tetrapyrrole synthesis. Among them, expressions of photosynthetic-related genes in the insect gall were decreased. In addition, the levels of photosynthetic rate, polyphenol (PP), and malondialdehye (MDA) of gall-inducing insect on their host leaves were also identified. The efficiency of photosystem II between gall-free leaves and galled leaves did not show any significant differences, but both leaves were significantly higher compared to galls. However, the contents of PP and MDA in galls were significant higher than those in gall-free leaves and galled leaves. |
