| 摘要: | 本研究的目的在應用現時流行的社會認知理論如完美主義、成就目標理論和運動員認同去檢驗它們和運動員競技倦怠的關係。本研究召募191位大專運動員(男=142位；女=49位)參加本研究。參加者填寫為中文版的運動員倦怠量表(Eades＇Athletes Burnout Inventory, EABI; Eades, 1990)、多層面完美主義量表(Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, MPS; Forst,＆Henderson, 1991)、運動工作與自我取向量表(Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, TEOSQ; Duda,＆Nicholls, 1989)，和運動員認同量表(Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, AIMS; Brewer, Van Raalte,＆Linder, 1993)。Pearson積差相關發現自我取向與運動員倦怠成正相關，但運動員認同和工作取向與運動員倦怠成負相關。除此之外，正面的完美主義因素（如組織）和運動員倦怠成負相關；而神經質的完美主義（在乎錯誤、父母期望、父母責難和懷疑行動）則與運動員倦怠成正相關。更進一步以逐步回歸分析後發現目標取向的工作取向和完美主義的個人標準、父母責難、懷疑行動、和組織是預測運動員倦怠的有效預測因素。本研究大部分支持現存有關運動員倦怠的研究，但與Coakley(1992)的單一認同與外在控制模式相反。作者結論指出台灣特有對優秀運動員輔導系統可能是重要的干擾變項，未來有與趣者可朝此點深入研究。
The purpose of this study was to apply existing social cognitive theories such as perfectionism, achievement goal theory, and athletic identity to examine their relationships with athlete burnout. This study recruited 191 Taiwanese intercollegiate athletes (males=142; females=49) and administered them with Chinese versions of Eades' Athletes Burnout Inventory (EABI; Eades, 1990); Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS, Frost, ＆ Henderson, 1991); Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ, Duda, ＆ Nicholls, 1989); and Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS, Brewer, Van Raalte, Linder, 1993). Pearson Production Moment Correlation analyses found athletes' identity and task orientation negatively correlated with athlete burnout while ego orientation positively correlated with athlete burnout. In addition, it was also found that normal perfectionism factor (organization) negatively correlated with athlete burnout, while neurotic perfectionism (concern over mistakes, parental expectation, parental criticism, and doubts about action) positively correlated with athlete burnout. Further, a stepwise multiple regression analysis found that task orientation of achievement goals; and personal standards, parental criticism, doubts about action, and organization of perfectionism, were the most significant predictors of athlete burnout (34% of variance accounted for). This study supported most burnout studies (e.g., Gould., Tuffey, Udry, ＆ Loehr, 1996a, 1996b; Smith, 1986; Wienberg, ＆ Gould, 1999) except failed to support Coakley's. (1992) Unidimensional Identity Development and External Control Model. The author concluded that high-achieved athletes in Taiwan received special guidance and help system might moderate the relationship between athletic identity and athlete burnout. This study suggested future study might consider this regard in future study. |
