| 摘要: | 本研究採質性研究法，透過文獻資料、實地考察和專家訪談來進行研究。並以策略思維的解析模式，來論述台灣競技運動選、訓、賽體制的形成與措施作為。目的在剖析台灣競技運動當前運行機制中所存在的問題，意圖提出優化的思維與建議，以為進一步提供充實國家競技運動體制政策的內涵作參考。研究結果：一、台灣競技運動選、訓、賽策略發展之歷程可分為三個階段：（一）社會體育團體組織受託開展階段。（二）教育部體育司輔導推動階段。（三）行政院體育委員會主政階段。二、各階段在選、訓、賽發展策略上均有所規範，發展趨勢朝：（一）參賽選項由成績選項邁向奪標選項。（二）選訓機制由經驗組訓進入科學組訓。三、優化台灣競技運動選、訓、賽策略之建議有下列四點：（一）為求運動選項精準，必以充分評估掌握運動員獲獎機率在現況水準、發展條件和競爭強度等三個面向的承載力量為據。（二）運動員選材不論採用何種方式，關鍵的操作條件在：1.現有的成績水準；2.成績的提升速度；3.比賽成績的穩定性和提升能力。（三）訓練管理所應掌握的重點在：1.運動訓練策略之建置；2.建構運動員培訓體系；3.訓練全過程包含「賽前」、「賽中」、「賽後」的掌控暨競賽管理。（四）後勤支援除重平時在組訓作業中發揮功能外，更應針對組團參賽部分精實培養領導作業團隊，始能臨場充分發揮最大戰力，達成既定奪牌目標。
This study utilizes qualitative research methodology, which includes analysis of relevant documents and materials, observation from on-site visits, and in-depth interview with experts in the field. It uses a strategic mode of thinking to examine Taiwan's sports policies, specifically those involving in the process of selecting and training athletes for competition, as well as those that govern how athletes are managed in actual competition itself. The purpose of this research is to analyze Taiwan's sports management system in the past and the problems inherent in its operation, with the intent of offering suggestions that can be used to provide reference for future national sports management policymaking. The results of this research are as follows: 1. Three distinctive periods has been identified in the history of Taiwan's sports policymaking: The first period involves the development of local sports associations. The second period entails the Physical Education Department, Ministry of Education's role in guiding and promoting sports policies. The third period began when the Sports Affairs Council took over as the central government agency in sports policymaking. 2. Each period is characterized by inclination toward certain sports policies. However, in general, the development of policies involving in selection of athletes for competition has changed over time in the following way: a) Originally athletes with top results in the country were allowed to compete internationally, later only athletes having top results compared to the world are allowed to compete. b) Originally committee members made their selection based on their own experiences with the athletes, later committee members relied more on factual statistics and scientific measurements. Four suggestions are offered for future sports management policymaking: 1.When determining in which sports to be compete, one must make the following three considerations: the competitive level of our athletes, their ability for improvement and strength of the competitive field. 2. When determining who will compete, one must take in the following three factors: the athletes’ competitive results, improvement level in recent competition, and stability in international competition in recent years. 3. Management of training for competition must consist of the following components: a) development of training strategy, b) multi-faceted training methods, c) proper management of pre-competition, during-competition and post-competition phases. 4. Administrative unit must assist in all aspects of the selection and training process. During competition, team delegation must include administrative staff that can be functional in assisting athletes and coaches in managing various situations, allowing them to successfully focus on the competition and accomplish their goal. |
