氣候變遷對全球環境帶來巨大衝擊，危及人類與生物之生存環境。國際社會認知極端氣候對人類經濟、社會及環境伴隨著莫大的影響，如何減緩氣候變遷之衝擊，如何推動永續發展，是當前國際社會最受關注之議題。當今人類必須思考，地球資源除了滿足當代需求外，應同時不損及可提供世代資源公平分配福祉，並協助資源有效再利用，共同以永續發展為努力目標，此為國際社會多元參與者共同需重視之課題與挑戰。
在全球暖化背景下，增加森林碳匯及林木減少伐林可減緩氣候變遷之衝擊，森林扮演維護生物多樣性之重要角色。科學社群認知到因應極端氣候森林所具之重要貢獻，因此如何透過林業法制規範，建立促進造林及有效土地利用等措施，來強化森林資源之保育與管理，邁向永續。然而，國際社會在森林保育以及永續經營的議題上仍待建立更具拘束力之法律機制，用以督促建立國際社會之共同合作行動。
永續林業經營管理需兼顧地球環境與社會經濟等多面向之考量，森林保育與永續管理可提升社會與經濟發展價值，並為地球環境帶來正面之效益。在促進公共利益基礎上，本文建議森林政策與法制除了保育措施外，應發展監測網絡，確實揭露森林環境資訊，納入公眾參與機制，並建立適當之激勵機制，做為林業永續發展之基石。另外，在全球綠色經濟推動趨勢下，促進發展綠建材認證、木材綠色貿易、結合林業產業與金融服務，均有助於林業管理與經營、維護與自然保育，引領林業邁向永續，同時達到可顧及環境、社會與經濟效益之發展。
本文透過對氣候變遷、林業法制與永續發展間之研究，闡述林業在環境與發展中所具之重要地位，同時借鏡國際林業體系發展，提出國內林業問題及未來可行之建議，藉此來強化及補足國內林業法制未明確納入永續發展目標之面向，希冀對我國林業管理與產業發展有所貢獻。
Climate change poses a fundamental threat to Earth’s biodiversity and the survival of human beings. How to adequately address this crisis, which we are currently experiencing, is a global concern. The forest management and conservation is regarded as one of the pivotal solutions to maintain the balance of our ecosystem, with its capability of reducing the impact of the global climate change.
Effective management of forests could minimize the negative impacts from climate change and help achieve our goal of sustainable development. Therefore, establishing international and domestic legal frameworks to provide adequate forest management is critical. For example, it is necessary to promote re-forestation and utilize land effectively through the forestry legal system.
In order to harmonize forest conservation and socio-economic growth, the forest management policies and surrounding legal framework are effective ways to promote the surveillance and monitoring of forest ecosystems. Also, incentive mechanisms and public participation in protecting the forests should be mandatory.
Based on the above, this article analyzes the relationship between climate change, and forest conservation. To achieve sustainable development, we need to strengthen the forestry legal framework. In conclusion, this article provides suggestions for possible legislative changes that could bring this goal closer to achieving.
