| 摘要: | 隨著互聯網和行動裝置技術的急速發展，出現了各式新媒體。新媒體大大地方便了大眾隨時發佈、互通及獲取資訊，加強了人際間交往的效率；同時新媒體所創造的自由言論空間和巨大的傳播功能，被認為能夠提升大眾參政議政的興趣，促進社會的政治參與度。澳門作為一個全民上網的網絡社會，新媒體對澳門政府的施政也帶來影響。
澳門的公共政策制定與其傳統的政治溝通模式有著密不可分的關係。在公共政策制定過程中，傳統政治溝通模式中社團和社會菁英的民意代表功能失效，被批評沒有讓足夠民意滲入，導致政策認受性低。2014年及2016年，澳門分別發生了「反離補」運動和「暨大一億」捐款事件，兩事件均是由民間組織利用新媒體平台組織和推動。其中「反離補」運動的規模之大更是澳門回歸以來的首次。在這些新媒體事件之後，澳門特區政府扭轉了其過往對待新媒體的態度，變得越來越重視新媒體的功能和影響。政府態度的改變，對澳門公共政策制定收集民意的途徑以及澳門未來政治生態發展帶來了轉變的契機。
研究發現，新媒體時代下，雖然政府與傳統社團、社會菁英的關係仍維持不變，但傳統政治溝通模式已不能滿足新一代青年市民參政議政、表達意見的需求。政策缺乏基層支持，對特區政府的施政和管治帶來不穩定性，因此特區政府需有效管理和利用新媒體，提高政府公共政策效能。另一方面，新媒體是一個‘可載舟，可覆舟’的東西，我們在推動新媒體發揮正面作用的同時，亦要對其負面影響有所警惕。
With the rapid development of Internet and mobile technology, new media, defined as diverse social communication networks, provides people abilities to public, communicate and obtain information at any time. There is an opinion that new media enhances the public’s desires and motivation for political participation with the freedom of speech and efficient communication created by the new media. Being a society with high internet penetration, Macao government is inevitably encountering challenges to her governance brought by new media.
Traditional social ties in Macao political environment is strong. These ties which are mainly between traditional social associations or elites and Macao government, are highly affecting public policy making in Macao. However, the malfunction of public representation of traditional social associations and elites in policy making results in low public acceptability and provokes social criticism. In 2014 and 2016, two social affairs, which are “Movement against the Bill of Greeds and Privileges” and “Movement against Macao Foundation’s donation of 100 million yuan to Guangdong Jinan University”, were initial and organized in new media by political social groups. Afterwards, Macao government changed her attitude toward new media from neglect to value. It is believed that this kind of change could bring new idea to Macao policy making in terms of collecting public opinion. There is also an opportunity to build up a new political environment for the future Macao.
In this study, we found that though the traditional social ties with Macao government is standing still, the new generation’s desire of speaking out and participation in public policy in Macao cannot be fully met under this long- running traditional political system. In order to receive supports from the whole society to avoid instability in her governance, Macao government increasingly applies new media into her policies making cycle as a strategy to enhance policy efficiency. Apart from its merits, new media’s shortcomings could also bring society negative effects. We should also pay attention to control it while making use of it. |
