| 摘要: | 本研究旨在應用遙測技術，評估不同生態分類系統和空間尺度對環境參數的影響。研究方法包括：應用混合式影像分類法，將台灣北部地區之Landsat-5 TM影像進行土地使用分類；利用DTM及SEBAL模式萃取16種環境參數，並探討各土地使用型之環境參數的差異情形；以及透過多變量統計之逐步判別分析法，評估北台灣12個地理氣候區及7個集水區兩種生態分類系統在不同空間尺度下之環境參數的差異性。研究結果指出，試區經混合式影像分類法分為森林、建地、水體、耕作農地、無耕作農地、雲及陰影7種土地使用型；在分析5種(扣除雲及陰影)土地使用型之環境參數的差異比較時，顯示森林地區在太陽入射角之餘弦影像、大氣層頂單日輻射量、淨輻射量、常態化差異植生指標、地表熱紅外光放射率、摩擦速度、動量傳輸粗糙度、大氣可感熱、土壤熱通量及蒸發散量等指標值較高，而在一維穿透係數、大氣密度、地表反照率、大氣層頂表面反照率、空氣阻抗熱傳導係數、地表溫度等指標值較低；至於評估不同生態分類系統和空間尺度對環境參數之影響結果指出，在不同的生態分類系統和空間尺度之下，用來區分5種土地使用型所需要的環境參數與參數數目皆不盡相同，但常態化差異植生指標與地表熱紅外光放射率兩項參數不管在那一種生態分類系統，均為重要的影響參數。
The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ecosystem classification systems at various scales on environmental parameters using remote sensing techniques. The processes included applying hybrid classification to generate a land-use map of the north Taiwan using Landsat-5 TM image in 1995; using the DTM and the SEBAL model to calculate 16 environmental parameters and compare the differences among different land-use types; and assessing the effects of 2 ecosystem classification systems (i.e., geographic climate method and watershed division method) at various scales on environmental parameters using stepwise discriminant analysis. The results indicated that the study area was classified into 7 land-use types. They were forest-land, building, farm-land, baring farm-land, water body, cloud, and shadow. The Comparison of 16 environmental parameters among 5 land-use types (excluding cloud and shadow) showed that forestland had higher value with cosine of solar incidence angle, twenty-four hour extraterrestrial radiation, net radiation, normalized difference vegetation index, emissivity, estimating friction velocity, surface roughness for momentum transport, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, evapotranspiration, and had lower value with transmittance, air density, surface albedo, surface albedo at the top of atmosphere, aerodynamic resistance to heat transport, surface temperature. As for assessing the effect of 2 ecosystem classification systems at various scales on environmental parameters, the result pointed out that ecosystem classification systems at various scales indeed caused the variation of environmental parameters according to the selected parameters and the number of parameters for discriminating 5 land-use types. However, among environmental parameters, normalized difference vegetation index and emissivity were the most important factors regardless of ecosystem classification systems at various scales. |
