| 摘要: | 本文研究目的在於探討澳洲打工度假背包客，打工度假歷程中之重要體驗，對其自我認同及生涯發展之影響。採用質性研究中的敘說探究，總共初談了14位受訪者，挑選出三位作為正式研究參與者，資料蒐集方式採用半結構式、深度訪談，並將所獲得資料撰寫成敘說文本，盡量確保受訪者生涯脈絡完整性，最後單獨及並列分析受訪者生涯之中的主題，嘗試歸納出受訪者共同經歷了哪些生涯歷程，而打工度假又扮演了什麼樣的意義。
打工度假討論議題廣泛，研究者主要描寫在於受訪者內在歷程轉換，為了解受訪者歷程轉換之前因後果，故在受訪者文本當中，不僅記錄受訪者在澳洲故事，也著墨在受訪者的出發前、後生命狀態。若讀者想了解澳洲環境、勞動條件或其他澳洲相關紀實，需自行閱讀市面上相關澳洲打工度假書籍。
研究發現三位受訪者的生涯歷程中有一類似路徑，首先受訪者會藉由原生家庭及可觸及之人際脈絡如：師長、朋友、媒體…等，形成一個暫時性認同。接著受訪者進入職場後產生工作挫折，暫行性認同受到挑戰，若順利克服工作挫折階段，則易進入工作高峰經驗。若受訪者在出發前從工作高峰經驗跌入至工作耗竭狀態，經歷研究者稱之的預期幻滅，則打工度假經驗將成為受訪者形塑自我認同重構的重要因素；若無經歷預期幻滅的狀態，打工度假帶來的新訊息，就僅會是生命中的一個新鮮事物，無法為受訪者帶來改變的力道。最後，生涯承諾需要受訪者經歷過自我認同重構，其主要特徵在於受訪者，由參照外在世界的訊息，更多的轉為傾聽自身內在的聲音。
藉由三位受訪者的經驗，可以了解到自我認同重構的不易，快速的生涯諮商工具很方便，但仍需要諮商實務工作者努力了解個體生命脈絡，本篇也提出相關研究限制，以期後續學者能夠深入研究此議題。
The research purpose of this paper is to explore the important working-holiday experience of the Taiwanese backpackers who spent their working holidays in Australia, as well as the influence on their self-identity and career development. Employing narrative inquiry of qualitative research, the researcher preliminarily interviewed fourteen interviewees, and finally picked out three of them as the formal research participants. For the ways of collecting information, the paper made semi-structural and in-depth interviews of the three interviewees, and then turned the acquired information to narrative texts in writing, trying hard to ensure the completeness of the career contexts of the interviewees. Finally, the paper independently lists out and analyzes the themes of the interviewees’ careers, attempting to summarize the career courses the interviewees experienced by the interviewees, and the meanings of working holiday to them.
The issues of working holiday available for discussion are extensive. The researcher mainly describes the change in the inner experience of the interviewees. In order to understand the cause and effect of the interviewees’ change in their inner experience, the researcher recorded in the interviewees’ texts not only with the interviewees’ stories in Australia, but also with the interviewees’ life statuses before and after departure from Taiwan. If the readers intend to know more about the environment, working conditions or other related reports of Australia, please read the marketed books about working holiday in Australia.
The study finds that the career of the three interviewees have a similar path. First of all, through their families and social networks, such as teachers, friends, media … etc., the interviewees formed a temporary identification. After that, the interviewees entered workplaces and started to have frustration at work. Then their temporary identification was challenged. If their frustration at work could be overcome smoothly, they could easily reach the peak of work. If an interviewee had the experience of working peak before departure, but fell to the experience of exhaustion when working in Australia, the researcher calls such kind of experience as expected disillusionment. In this case, the experience in working holiday would become an important factor for the interviewee to reconstruct self-identity. If an interviewee had no such experience of expected disillusionment, the new information brought by working holiday would be merely a fresh thing in his/her life, but could not bring to the interviewee any strength of change. Finally, career commitment needs to be reconstructed by interviewees after having experienced self-identification, of which the main feature is listening to their inner voices more than to the information from the outside world.
Through the experience of the three interviewees, we can know that it is not easy to reconstruct self-identity. Although it is convenient to use the ready-made career consultation tool, we still need counseling practitioners to understand the individuals’ life courses. The paper also mentions the related research limitations so as for the scholars to make in-depth research of this issue in the future. |
