| 摘要: | 人的一生中都會經歷生老病死四個階段，古人云：「花無百日紅，人無百日好。」，人一生總不免有受到疾病侵襲而須就醫之時，而病人就醫，從踏入醫院開始，病人與醫師間之醫病關係已然產生，醫師與病人間基於互相信賴，彼此對對方負有權利義務，並據此完成醫療行為。若一方違反義務，將會影響醫師與病人間之信賴，因而產生醫療紛爭。
病人基於程序選擇權得自由選擇以訴訟上或是訴訟外紛爭解決機制解決紛爭。若病人以訴訟方式解決紛爭，病人得選擇之訴訟方式為民事、刑事或行政訴訟。惟醫師與病人產生醫療紛爭之主要原因在於雙方欠缺溝通，如能透過良好的訴訟外紛爭解決機制，讓病人與醫師於紛爭產生之際，經由訴訟外紛爭解決機制如何和解、調解、仲裁等制度取得溝通管道，釐清雙方責任，或可減少不必要之醫療訴訟，其不但可以避免病人或其家屬花費時間及費用進行不必要之訴訟，且能使醫師有更多時間專注於醫療事務，實質提升醫療品質，創造醫、病雙贏局面。
有鑑於我國醫療訴訟體系的不健全，十多年來，相關行政機關以及學者先後提出關於醫療紛爭處理之相關草案，其中於2005年提出之「醫療紛爭處理法」草案與2008年提出之「病人安全及醫療紛爭處理條例」草案中，曾將「醫療事故仲裁」列入草案中，期望能以仲裁制度解決醫療紛爭事件，惟2012年提出「醫療紛爭處理及醫療事故補償法」草案，以及2015年「醫療紛爭處理及醫療事故補償法」草案均未於草案中提出，甚為可惜。仲裁，係指雙方當事人得針對現在或將來之爭議訂立仲裁協議，並約定由仲裁人一人或單數之數人成立仲裁庭仲裁之，其優點介於訴訟與調解間，於具有專業領域之醫療紛爭，利用仲裁制度解決醫療紛爭可顯現出仲裁之優越性。
Everyone goes through birth, aging, sickness and death. When patients suffer from illness and turn to a doctor, the “physician-patient relationship” is established, accompanied with all the rights and obligations between doctors and patients. If someone breaks rights and obligations, medical disputes emerge.
Because of the “Right to Procedure Options”, patients can choose “Proceedings” or “Alternative Dispute Resolution” to solve the medical disputes. If patients choose proceedings, they can choose either criminal proceedings or civil proceedings. However, proceedings cost too much time and money, so many patients choose Alternative Dispute Resolution systems to solve the medical malpractice disputes, including settlement, conciliation, arbitration.
Because of our incomplete medical malpractice disputes resolution system, the competent authority develop many draft legislations to solve medical malpractice in 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2015.In 2005 and 2008, the administration proposed to develop the acts of the systems of arbitration in the drafts, which is unstained after 2012, however.
The article researches on the advantages and disadvantages of our medical malpractice disputes resolution system and the feasibility of solving medical malpractice disputes through arbitration. |
