| 摘要: | 近年全球暖化導致環境氣候變遷劇烈，減少能源消耗與適應環境之建築設計思維已成現今主流，國內亦有綠建築政策鼓勵建築提高所使用資源效率，以及減低對環境與人體健康之影響。根據相關研究，良好環境風場之街谷由於通風效果較佳，可改善環境熱舒適度並能減緩區域性之空氣污染問題。目前已有許多對於都市環境風場之相關研究，但對濱海工業區環境之研究則相對較少，而濱海工業區風力強勁，維持良好風環境品質因而更為重要，故本研究將以濱海工業區之環境風場進行建築配置原則之研究。本研究理論包含計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）、熱舒適理論，與無因次分析。CFD是運用數值方法解出流體力學的控制方程式，並可透過不同的邊界條件，進而預測流場的流動；熱舒適理論為說明人體對於四種物理環境因素（氣溫、輻射溫度、風速、濕度）與兩種人為因素（代謝率、衣服保溫）的熱平衡關係；無因次分析則用來探討物理量之間的關係，本研究運用在探討大氣氣候與微氣候兩者之間的關係。研究方法為以歸納法分析關於研究主題之相關文獻，再透過實際量測蒐集基礎數據，以Fluent軟體以數值模擬法分析基地戶外物理環境與計算熱舒適度，並比對驗證實際量測數據與CFD模擬數據，增加CFD模擬數據之可信賴度。透過調整CFD模型不同條件下的變因，以無因次分析法呈現數據之間關係，並根據分析結果，擬定最佳化風場之都市設計原則。研究結果顯示，街谷高寬比以0.1至0.3為最佳；建築配置若考量熱舒適，以單開口配置為較佳配置，若考量污染物擴散，以錯列配置為較佳配置。
In recent years, global warming has intensified environmental and climatic changes. Thus, reducing energy consumption and creating architectural design concepts adaptive to the environment have become mainstream. Taiwan has green building policies that encourage improvement in the efficiency of resources used and a reduction in ill effects on the environment and human health. According to relevant studies, a well-ventilated street canyon with favorable wind field can improve environmental thermal comfort levels and reduce regional air pollution. Although numerous studies have been conducted on wind fields in urban environments, few have focused on the environment of coastal industrial parks, where the wind is very strong, thus making it necessary to maintain a high-quality wind environment. This study examined building layout norms for the wind field at the coastal industrial park. The theories used in the study included computational fluid dynamics (CFD), thermal comfort, and dimensionless analysis. CFD is the control equation that uses numerical methods to obtain the fluid mechanics; it can predict the movement of the flow field through different boundary conditions. Thermal comfort theory explains the thermal equilibrium of the human body through four physical environment factors (temperature, radiation, wind speed, and humidity) and the two human factors (activity, clothes). Dimensionless analysis examines the relationship between physical quantities; in this study, it was used to examine the relationship between atmospheric climate and microclimate. Relevant literature was inductively analyzed; basic data were collected through actual measurement, and Fluent software was used to analyze the base outdoor physical environment through numerical simulation and to measure thermal comfort. Actual and CFD simulated data were compared and validated to enhance the trustworthiness of the CFD simulated data. Variables were adjusted according to the CFD model of varying conditions, and dimensionless analysis was used to present the relationships between the data; finally, an urban design principle for the optimal wind field was selected based on the analysis results. The research results showed that the best height:width ratio of street canyons was 0.1–0.3, a single-opening layout was preferred for superior thermal comfort, and the staggered method of pollution dispersion was the most effective. |
