歐巴馬政府亞太政策研究--- 亞洲再平衡戰略的評估

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題名:	歐巴馬政府亞太政策研究--- 亞洲再平衡戰略的評估 A Study of Obama Administration's Asian-Pacific Policy: The Evaluation of the Strategy of Re-balancing Asia
作者:	王思安
貢獻者:	國家發展與中國大陸研究所博士班
關鍵詞:	重返亞太 Return to Asia-Pacific Strategy
日期:	2017
上傳時間:	2017-08-23 10:49:45 (UTC+8)
摘要:	自2009年歐巴馬上任後，選擇從中東的目光轉向到亞太地區，提出重返亞太之理念，隨後在2011年底提出美國再平衡戰略，期望透過外交及經濟等一系列作為全力參與亞太地區。由於中國近來的快速崛起與強勢外交已經引起美國的擔憂，因此，遏制中國崛起以鞏固美國在亞太地區的領導地位已成為歐巴馬政府的首要目標。本文藉由攻勢現實主義來檢視歐巴馬的再平衡政策，發現攻勢現實主義能夠說明再平衡政策施行的動機，並驗證因為潛在霸權的挑戰，促使既有霸權要維護霸權所採取的策略。根據再平衡政策的內容，當霸權開始對其所擁有之權力產生危機時，會在區域內採取攻勢而不是守勢，以維護霸權的國家利益。惟再平衡政策的內涵及施行樣貌多元，因此攻勢現實主義無法完整予以解釋，且該理論本身對於權力追求的最大化及維持現狀的界線模糊，並且對於霸權的定義也與美國現況不符。亞太地區各國藉由促進東亞經濟一體化，不斷強化亞太經濟體的內部依賴性，使亞太地區經濟對美國的非對稱依賴關係的基礎發生了新的變化。為避免亞太經濟的崛起和擺脫經濟危機，美國開始進行全球戰略大調整，實施以遏制中國發展為首的重返亞太戰略，全力阻止東亞經濟一體化，以達到強化東亞經濟體對美國的依賴關係和維持美國在亞太地區的領導地位。美中兩國都希望能夠和平共處與合作創造雙贏局面，卻因戰略互疑而須透過構建戰略穩定架構保持競合關係均衡，避免衝突與對抗。美中關係尚未超脫競合格局，雙邊互賴且同時受到國際體系中的國家戰略利益牽動而充滿變數。本文研究歐巴馬執政以來的亞太政策發現在軍事層面上，由於出現區域內強權中國直接威脅到美國的區域影響力，因此歐巴馬政府採取攻勢作為以達到維護美國國家利益的目的。同時，由於美中關係呈現出競爭且合作的狀態，攻勢現實主義無法完整予以解釋美國的亞太再平衡政策，本文援引複合互賴理論來解釋歐巴馬政府亞太經濟政策，發現歐巴馬的亞太政策實際上兼具新現實主義與新自由主義的特色。 Since U.S. President Obama started his 1st term in 2009, he has changed the original strategy and moved the strategic focus from Middle East to Asia-Pacific region. The ideaso called “Pivot to Asia,”and renamed as Rebalancing strategy in 2011. The Strategy meant the U.S. would apply all kind of ways like diplomatic and economic policy to participate in the Asia-Pacific region. Because China rises rapidly and its assertive diplomacy had alrealdy caused America’s concern, the first goal of the Obama Administration is to constraint China in order to sustain and strengthen America‘s leadership in the Asia-Pacific region. Reviewing the relationship between the Offensive Realism and U.S. rebalancing policy, discovers that Offensive Realism can explain the motivation of rebalancing policy’s implementation. Also examine the challenges of potential hegemony which prompting the hegemony to maintain the power. However, the boundary of the theory itself to the pursuit of power maximize and maintain the status quo are not clear. According to the rebalancing policy, when the crisis began to produce hegemonic powers of its own, it will take the offensive strategy rather than defensive strategy in the region for maintain the national interest and the stage of hegemony. Rebalancing policy faces diverse dominations, so Offensive Realism not fully be explained,the theory itself also lacks explanations for both the status of hegemony and how the continuation of the policy of hegemony. Countries in the Asia-Pacific region have made new changes in the Asia-Pacific region's fundamentals of asymmetric dependence on the United States by promoting East Asian economic integration and continually strengthening the internal dependency of the Asia-Pacific economies. In order to avoid the rise of the Asia-Pacific economy and get rid of the economic crisis, the United States began to adjust the global strategy to implement, to curb China's development led by the return of the Asia-Pacific strategy, to prevent East Asian economic integration, in order to strengthen the US and East Asian economies, asymmetric dependence Relationship and US leadership in the Asia-Pacific region. It is believed that the United States and China intend to get along peaceful and make cooperation but the status quo is in distrust. Washington D.C. and Beijing need to build a framework of strategic stability, in order to avoid conflicts and confrontations. The U.S.-China relation keeps on competitive and cooperative pattern. Full of variables happen along with the national strategic interests in the international system. In this paper, the Obama’s Asia-Pacific policy at the military level, due to the emergence of regional power China directly threaten the US regional influence, so the Obama administration take the offensive as in order to achieve the purpose of safeguarding the national interests of the United States. At the same time, because US-China relations show a state of competition and cooperation, offensive realism can not fully be used to explain the United States Asia-Pacific rebalancing policy, this paper invites the theory of complex interdependence theory to explain the Obama administration's Asia-Pacific economic policy. The Asia-Pacific policy of Obama administration actually combines the characteristics of neo-realism with neoliberalism.
顯示於類別:	[國家發展與與中國大陸研究所碩博士班] 博碩士論文

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