| 摘要: | 自人類社會開始出現了交易行為開始，契約便如其孿生兄弟一般地誕生，有交易即有契約之存在，而契約自由原則作為現代契約法的基本原則，其內容包含了締約之自由、相對人之自由及內容自由，作為私法自治原則中的核心內容，契約自由的出現不但使人們擺脫了身分的限制，享有參與市場經濟的自由，進一步的發展人文主義的倫理觀及促進經濟的發展，此即法學家Henry James Sumner Maine所稱的「從身份到契約」。
然而，在現代法治社會，為了保障人民之權利，對契約自由原則逐漸作出限制，這些對於契約自由所設下的限制便成為了契約自由原則的例外，不過在市場經濟中，財貨的轉讓、資源的配置和勞動力的使用皆須透過契約始可達成，契約自由原則的開放造就了市場經濟的熱絡交易，對其設下限制便是減緩了市場經濟的發展，本文將以民法第七十一條為中心，蒐集我國最高法院近年涉及違反強制或禁止規定之判決，討論我國民法制度下，對於契約自由之限制是否合理，並輔以法律經濟學之觀點分析比較，希望能籍由上述之研究，於資料蒐集完備及系統化整理之後，得出更有效率的解決方案，以作為將來修法之建議。
Trading began from the dawn of human society, with subsequent transactions between two individuals creating a contract. The principle of freedom of contract, as the basic principle of modern contract law, includes: the freedom to make contracts, the relative freedom of both people and content, and private autonomy as a core governing principle. Freedom of contract allows people to escape the confines of identity, giving them the freedom to: participate in the market economy, further the development of humanist ethics, promote economic development; as per comparative jurist Sir Henry James Sumner Maine in "from status to contract”.
However, in modern society, governed by law, the freedom of contract principle was gradually limited, in order to protect the rights of the people. Those in favor of freedom of contract, established under restrictions, have become the exception to the freedom of contract principle. In a market economy though, the transfer of wealth and goods, and the configuration and use of labor resources, are required before they can be reached through the contract and the open freedom of contracts can create an active market economy. The lower limit is set to slow the development of the market economy.
The paper will focus on the article 71 of civil code, to collect the judgments involved in violation of the mandatory or prohibit the provisions of the verdict of the Supreme Court of Taiwan in recent years, and discuss whether the limits for freedom of contract is reasonable from the viewpoint of comparative analysis and economic perspective from the civil law system of Taiwan and hope to get a more effective solution and be the suggestions on amending the law. |
