| 摘要: | 本研究主要目的在探討公務人員飲食生活型態對健康飲食行為的影響。本研究採問卷調查法，以臺灣北、中、南、東等四個區域之現職公務人員為調查對象，採「立意取樣」的方式做為抽樣方法。施測回收有效樣本數計977 份，以「飲食生活型態量表」及「健康飲食行為量表」分別進行描述性統計、因素分析、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析。
研究結論：經由飲食生活型態的因素分析有效萃取出「購物動機」、「健康與品質取向」及「便利與隨興取向」三個因素構面。在健康飲食行為方面則有效萃取「健康新鮮粗食型」與「即食與備餐取向」兩個因素。在整體飲食生活型態及健康飲食行為量表，平均得分有偏低的現象，顯示公務人員飲食行為有不健康的傾向。在不同「背景變項」，對「飲食生活型態」構面未達顯著差異；在健康飲食行為方面大部分具有顯著差異。飲食生活型態對健康飲食行為進行迴歸分析，結果發現，整體「飲食生活型態」在健康飲食行為上具有顯著的預測力。
根據研究發現，公務人員飲食行為得分有偏低的現象，且每週外食次數偏高，建議公務人員應減少外食的次數，以在家自製餐盒取代，在外用餐時應避免吃進高油、高鹽、高熱量等不健康食物；對政府部門的建議：一、改善公務人員的飲食環境，藉以提高公務人員的健康飲食行為，二、政府單位可參照學校營養午餐，辦理公務人員營養均衡的團膳伙食，提供良好的自備餐食取代外食的環境，鼓勵公務人員自備餐盒，三、強化餐飲業的衛生安全管理，確實做好督導評核工作，以提升國人的飲食健康與安全。
The aim of this study is to explore how does civil servants’ food-lifestyle impact on their eating behavior. The data collection strategy adopted in this study was questionnaire survey, using the “Purposive Sampling” method, and the selected subject was the current civil servant around Taiwan. The amount of effective samples was 997, and the study analyzed these samples by “Descriptive statistics”, “Factor analysis”, “Independent-samples t-test”, “One-way ANOVA”, “Pearson Correlation Analysis” and “Regression analysis”, based on “Food-Lifestyle Scale” and “Healthy Eating Behavior Scale”.
The results showed that there were three factors associated with food-lifestyle, including subject’s “shopping motivation”, “health and quality orientation”, and “convenience and spontaneity orientation”, and two orientations associated with the eating behavior, “healthy, fresh and original food oriented” and “instant and meal prepping-oriented”. Based on the results of two Scales mentioned above, the average score of civil servants was slightly low, indicating an inclination of unhealthy eating behavior of the civil servant. “Background variables” had little effect on the food-lifestyle, but had significant effects on most of the healthy eating behaviors. After estimating the relationships among the food-lifestyle and the healthy eating behavior by regression analysis, the result showed that the former had significant predictability about the latter.
The study found that the score of civil servants’ eating behavior was slightly low, and the frequency of food away from home was high in a week. The study suggested that civil servants should reduce the times of food away from home and replace it by eating home-made meal boxes. Beside, avoid unhealthy food containing high oil, high salt and high calorie. The study also provided suggestions for the government as bellow. First, enhance civil servants’ eating behavior by improving the eating environment. Second, the government can provide foodservice like schools’ group meals, or provide suitable work environment to encourage civil servants to prepare their own meal box instead of eating out. Third, enhance the health and safety management, supervision and evaluation of the food service industry, achieving the goal of improving people's diet health and safety. |
