本研究的目的為收錄近年探討運動與兒童認知功能之關係的相關研究，針對相關研究結果進行評析。經過文獻統整後本文獲致下列結語：(一)體適能對於兒童注意力、記憶力、抑制能力、執行功能、視覺處理與語言處理等，在認知作業表現、腦電波與核磁共振成像相關研究皆有發現正向關係；(二)動作適能對於兒童工作記憶、抑制控制、視覺處理與認知轉換，不論是在認知作業表現或是核磁共振成像研究皆有發現正向關係。最後，本文建議未來研究多採用縱貫式研究來驗證體適能變化對於兒童認知功能的影響，體適能相關研究應以全面性的體適能進行探討，以更完整的檢驗體適能對兒童認知功能的影響。
The purpose of current study was to review findings from recent works that tap on the relationship between exercise/fitness and childhood cognition. It were summarized by the current study that: (1) studies that incorporate neuropsychological, neuroelectric, and neuroimaging techniques have demonstrated the positive association between physical fitness and cognitive function in children, particularly cognitive aspects such as attention, memory, inhibition, executive function, visual and verbal processing; and (2) the positive association of motor fitness to different high-order cognitions, such as working memory, inhibition, visual processing, and switching, has been evidenced by studies that apply neuropsychological and neuroimaging techniques. Future work should consider longitudinal design to thoroughly examine the fluctuation of cognitive performance as a function of physical fitness change. The current study also recommend future study incorporate a broad range of physical fitness tests to obtain a more comprehensive view regarding the relationship between physical fitness and childhood cognition.
