| 摘要: | 台灣、日本與韓國的家庭型態中，大家庭的比重高於美國與多數歐洲國家，原因包括孝道 文化、代間的經濟依賴、老人與兒童的照顧考量。然而美國自1980 年代以來，部分青年 因就業困境而不易獨立成家，是以與父母共居的多世代家庭比重上升，此趨勢於全球金融 海嘯後更為明顯。台灣過去二十年來勞動市場變遷，青年所受衝擊比中壯年大，再者同時 期各項老年年金制度趨完備，因此雖然台灣的大家庭仍有一定比重，但背後仍是孝道文化 下子代對親代的奉養居多，或是轉而變成子代財務無法自立因而與父母同住居多，此議題 在國內未來嚴謹的學術研究，更缺少包括台灣、日本、韓國及歐美國家的比較研究。 本研究將使用家庭收支調查與盧森堡家戶所得資料庫，進行多世代家庭變遷的跨國比較。 具體內容有： 一、台灣1990-2013 年的分析 1.分析台灣多世代家庭所占比率的變化。 2.比較多世代家庭與其它家庭的貧窮率差異。 3.分析多世代家庭子代（第二代）相對於親代（第一代），是經濟生產者居多，或是依賴 者居多。 4.分析第二代與第一代的社會經濟特徵：年齡、性別、子代婚姻狀況、子代教育程度、子 代工作狀況、房屋所有權、親代有無年金請領及其額度 5.多世代家庭地理區位別的差異 二、跨國比較：使用1990 年、2007 年與2010 年的盧森堡家戶所得資料庫，比較台灣、 日本、韓國、美國、英國、德國、芬蘭、丹麥、西班牙與義大利的多世代家庭，分析的內 容包括第一大項的第1-4 項問題。
There are more extended families in Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea than in the United States and in the vast majority of European countries. The reasons for this preponderance in the three Asian countries include filial piety, intergenerational economic dependency, and concern for the well-being of children and older adults. However, the number of American multigenerational households, in which adult children live with their parents because of employment difficulties, which likely prevent them from building a family, has been increasing since the 1980s and has risen considerably following the global financial crisis in 2008. A similar phenomenon prevails across Taiwan, the job market of which has constantly changed in the last two decades in a manner that affects young people more than it affects middle-aged people. Moreover, old-age benefit policies have also fully developed over this period. Therefore, although extended families in Taiwan remain substantial in number, this family structure is still associated with the parental expectation of filial piety (i.e., children care for their parents) as well as the phenomenon in which adult children live with their parents because of their financial difficulties. No rigorous research on this issue has been conducted in Taiwan, and comparative studies among Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and European countries are lacking in this area. Family income surveys and the Luxembourg Income Study Database were used to compare the changes in multigenerational households among different countries. The purposes of this study were as follows: 1. Analysis of various changes in Taiwan’s multigenerational households from 1990 to 2013. 1) Analyze the changes in the percentage of multigenerational households in Taiwan. 2) Compare the poverty rates of multigenerational households with those of households with other family structures. 3) Examine the number of children (second generation) in relation to parents (first generation) in multigenerational households to determine whether breadwinners outnumber dependents. 4) Investigate the socioeconomic characteristics of the first and second generations, namely the age, gender, marital status, education level, and employment status of the child as well as parent home ownership, qualification for old-age benefits, and benefit amount. 5) Explore the differences in multigenerational households among different regions. 2. Transnational comparison Compare multigenerational households in Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Finland, Denmark, Spain, and Italy according to the 1990–2010 income dataset derived from the Luxembourg Income Study Database and examine Items 1–4, which are provided in the first section. |
