台灣人工生殖合法性之研究─從基本權利和法律經濟分析之觀點

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題名:	台灣人工生殖合法性之研究─從基本權利和法律經濟分析之觀點 A Study on the Legality of Artificial Reproduction in Taiwan —From Constitutional Rights and Economic Analysis of Law
作者:	許新連
貢獻者:	法律學系
關鍵詞:	人工生殖人工生殖法單身女性死後取精死後生殖人性尊嚴家庭權生育權子女最佳利益原則身體∕遺體自主權法律經濟分析
日期:	2016
上傳時間:	2017-04-07 16:16:27 (UTC+8)
摘要:	隨著社會價值觀的變遷及人工生殖科技的進步，出現許多新興的人工生殖型態，在給予希望的同時，亦對包含宗教、醫學、法律等各領域造成程度不一的衝擊，帶來全新的挑戰。在法律上，立法者基於對社會秩序的維護或為增加公共利益等理由，非謂不能對人工生殖為相當之規範與限制，然而，此規範與限制皆應隨著時代變遷而有所調整，否則不但可能阻礙社會和醫療科技的發展，跟不上人民在生育方面的需求，亦可能使我國司法面臨無法處理因人工生殖技術所產生之相關法律問題之窘境。質言之，在人民對婚姻、家庭、生育等觀念已有所轉變的現代，某些人工生殖型態的需求在我國越來越多，加上交通的便利，國與國互動緊密，縱然這些人工生殖型態在我國法律上是禁止的，仍可能轉為地下化發展或至國外實施，則我國之人工生殖法限於「合法夫妻」為唯一受術對象，將可能反使人工生殖的管制陷於困難，故其合理性遭受質疑。本文以單身女性人工生殖和死後生殖為研究主軸，探討其合法性及可行之法律規定和相關配套措施。現行人工生殖法採全面禁止單身女性人工生殖和死後生殖之實行，惟國內已發生多起相關案例，則全面禁止恐難達成預期效果，可能反而增加事後處理的成本，並導致當事人法律上地位和權利義務處於不安定的狀態。本文以基本權利著眼輔以法律經濟分析方法分為兩個層次論之。第一層次，以人性尊嚴、單身女性之生育權、家庭權、婚姻平等權及死後生殖之「死去的人」和「活著的人」間權利關係，作為探討單身女性人工生殖和死後生殖合法性之探討方向。第二層次，從子女最佳利益著眼，以此作為對人工生殖之受術者的術前審查判斷標準之一，研究可行之法律規定和應為之配套措施，平衡人工生殖受術者和其人工生殖子女間關係，使法律得以有效管理人工生殖。故本文認應有限度地開放單身女性人工生殖和死後生殖，而對現行人工生殖法提出修正建議，其中包括相關受術條件、限制及將來人工生殖子女和他人間權利義務關係，諸如親權行使、繼承權等方面，另，亦認應建置完備之人工生殖諮詢制度，以提供人工生殖受術者於受術前對人工生殖技術和可能之風險與影響為全方位了解，又在整個施行人工生殖過程中若遇到相關之問題亦有得諮詢和協助解決的地方；此外，更應設有前置評估程序，除以第三者角度檢驗欲為人工生殖之受術者是否處於合適受術之狀態外，更重要的在於能最大方面確保將來人工生殖子女之利益。本文針對單身女性人工生殖和死後生殖兩方面提出一些想法和淺見，以期能作為後續研究之參考。 Along with the changing social values and the artificial reproductive technology advancement, people for marriage and the family, maternity, attitudes have changed and the convenient traffic, close interaction among States, many modern domestic prohibited artificial reproductive patterns turns to external imposition or underground development, artificial reproductive Law limited to "legitimate wife is the only Magic may object to the making of artificial reproductive control mired in difficulties, questioned its legitimacy suffer. This paper provides a single female artificial reproductive and reproductive to study after the death of the spindle and explore its legitimacy and viable legal provisions and relevant supporting measures. The current artificial reproductive Law adopted a comprehensive ban on single female artificial reproductive and the imposition of the death reproductive, but there have been many cases of domestic related case, the comprehensive convention against terrorism difficult to achieve the expected results. This document pertains to basic rights focus complemented by legal economic analysis method is divided into two levels of theory. The first hierarchy to human dignity, single females of reproductive rights, family rights and the right to equality in marriage and death of reproductive "dead" and "alive" relationship between rights as single women to explore artificial reproductive and reproductive legitimacy after death of exploring the direction. The second level to focus on the best interests of the Child, studying the feasibility of legal provisions and should be of complementary measures to follow-up studies as reference. This article was of the view that there should be limits to open up single female artificial reproductive and reproductive and after the death of the special law provisions related to rate sul conditions, limitations, and the future of children and the rights and obligations among others such as the relationship between the exercise of parental rights, inheritance, and should build another before effective internal evaluation processes to provide artificial reproductive technology in the Shi Shi preop to artificial reproductive technology in a comprehensive understanding of the entire process of exerting sul problem solving, maximum regard to ensure the interests of the children in the future.
顯示於類別:	[法律學系暨法律學研究所] 博碩士論文

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