| 摘要: | 本研究旨在了解兩區域父母教養方式差異，並考驗在不同幼兒及家庭背景變項與學齡前幼兒3C產品使用之相關。經過文獻探討與專家學者審查，自編「父母教養方式與學齡前幼兒3C產品使用之關係～一個跨區域比較」問卷。本研究採問卷調查法並採立意取樣臺灣新北市及福建福州市941個幼兒家庭進行問卷施測。本研究共發出問卷總數為941份。新北市發出問卷500份，回收問卷364份，回收比例為72.8%，廢卷45份，有效問卷309份，有效問卷比例84.9%。福州市發出問卷441份，回收問卷348份，回收比例為78.9%，廢卷74份，有效問卷286份，有效問卷比例82.2%。
一、福州市父母教養方式在「開明權威」和「專制權威」的傾向上明顯高於新北市，而在「寬鬆放任」、「忽視冷漠」的傾向上則明顯較低。
二、新北市父母教養方式會因幼兒年齡、性別不同而改變；但福州市父母教養方式則不因幼兒年齡、性別不同而改變。
三、新北市父母的教養方式因「家庭結構」及「月收入」的不同而改變；但福州市父母教養方式則不因「家庭結構」及「月收入」的不同而變動。
四、新北市父母「教育程度」在高中以下，其教養方式明顯傾向「寬鬆放任」、「專制權威」、「忽視冷漠」；而教育程度在「大學、本科」，傾向採「開明權威」
教養方式，兩地皆然。
五、新北市與福州市在不同背景變項3C產品的使用目，新北市以「學習目的」百分比高於福州市；福州市以「休閒目的」百分比高於新北市。
六、新北市幼兒在「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「使用影響」比福州市明顯。
七、新北市不同幼兒性別、年齡在「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」、「使用影響」方面，對女生的影響比男生大、對滿3歲未滿4歲年齡的幼兒影響最
大。福州市不同幼兒性別、年齡在「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」、「使用影響」沒有不同。
八、新北市在「使用影響」上，對「核心家庭」幼兒的影響大於「折衷家庭」的幼兒。福州市在3C產品的「使用量」上，對「折衷家庭」幼兒的影響大於
「核心家庭」的幼兒。
九、新北市不同「父母年齡」在幼兒3C產品使用的「使用影響」上，父母年齡「18~25歲」大於「26~35歲」父母。福州市不同「父母年齡」對幼兒在3C產品使用情形上的「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」、
「使用影響」沒有不同。
十、新北市父母教育程度為「高中及以下」在幼兒3C產品使用的「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」、「使用影響」的影響最大。父母教育程度越低的的影響比教育程度高的影響高。而福州市不同父母「教育
程度」在幼兒3C產品使用情形的「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」、「使用影響」上沒有不同。
十一、家庭「月收入」在幼兒3C產品使用上，在「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」、「使用影響」上，新北市父母月收入「20,009~40,000元」高於40,001~60,000元」。福州市在「使用量」、「情緒
互動」、「生活常規」、「使用影響」間沒有不同。
十二、兩區域整體教養方式與幼兒3C產品使用情形，在「開明權威」、「專制權威」、「寬鬆放任」、「忽視冷漠」的教養方式與幼兒的「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「使用影響」都有關係。
十三、新北市及福州市父母在「開明權威」、「專制權威」、「寬鬆放任」、「忽視冷漠」教養方式與幼兒3C產品使用之「使用目的」、「使用量」、「情緒互動」、「生活常規」都有不同程度的關係。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of parental rearing styles between the two cities, and to test the relation between the preschool children of different family background and children's use of 3C products. After review of the literature, and experts and scholars, the author designs the questionnaire of “A cross-regional Comparison to the Relationship between Parental Rearing Styles and Preschool Children's use of 3C Products”. Based on purposive sampling, questionnaires are conducted among 941 children’s families in New Taipei City of Taiwan and Fuzhou City of Fujian Province. Totally 941 questionnaires are sent out. In New Taipei City, the questionnaire is sent out for 500 pieces and is called back for 364 pieces, with callback rate of 72.8 percent. There is 45 pieces of ineffective and 309 pieces of effective questionnaire, and the effective callback rate is 84.9 percent. In Fuzhou City, the questionnaire is sent out for 441 pieces and is called back for 348 pieces, with callback rate of 78.9 percent. There is 74 pieces of ineffective and 286 pieces of effective questionnaire, and the effective callback rate is 82.2 percent.
First, the parental rearing styles of “liberal authoritative” and “tyranny authoritative” in Fuzhou City are significantly higher than those of New Taipei City, while that of “loose management” and “negligent and indifferent” are significantly lower.
Second, the parental rearing styles in New Taipei City will change with the age and gender of children, but it is reverse in Fuzhou City.
Third, the parental rearing styles in New Taipei City change with “family structure” and “monthly income”, but it is reverse in Fuzhou City.
Fourth, those parents who have not completed the high school tend to “loose management”, “tyranny authoritative” and “negligent and indifferent”, while those who have accepted college education tend to “liberal authoritative”. That is the same in both cities.
Fifth, for the purpose of the use of 3C products under different background, the percentage of learning purpose in New Taipei City is higher than that in Fuzhou City; the percentage of leisure purpose in Fuzhou City is higher than that in New Taipei City.
Sixth, for children in New Taipei City, it is more obvious in the number of usage, emotional interaction and usage impact than that in Fuzhou City.
Seventh, in New Taipei City, for children of different gender and age, it has greater impact on girls than boys in the aspects of the number of usage, emotional interaction, life routine and usage impact, and it has the greatest impact on children whose ages are over 3 but under 4; however, there are no differences in Fuzhou City.
Eighth, in New Taipei City, the usage impact is greater to the children of “nuclear family” than that of “stem family”. In Fuzhou City, it has greater impact on children of “stem family” than that of "nuclear families" in the number of using 3C products.
Ninth, the usage impact of the children's use of 3C products is different from parental age in New Taipei City, and it has greater impact on parents aged 18 to 25 years old than that of 26 to 35 years old; while there are no differences in Fuzhou City.
Tenth, in New Taipei City, parents with the educational level of high school or below have greatest impact on the number of usage, emotional interaction, life routine, and usage impact in the children's use of 3C products. There is greater impact on the lower educational level than the higher educational level to parents; while there are no differences in Fuzhou City.
Eleventh, for the children's use of 3C products, the monthly income of family with NT$ 20,009 ~ 40,000 is higher than that of NT$ 40,001 ~ 60,000 in the number of usage, emotional interaction, life routine, and usage impact; while there are no differences in Fuzhou City.
Twelfth, for parental rearing style and the children's use of 3C products in both cities, they are relevant between the parental rearing style of “liberal authoritative”, “tyranny authoritative”, “loose management” and “negligent and indifferent”, and the number of usage, emotional interaction and usage impact.
Thirteenth, there are different relations between the parental rearing style of” liberal authoritative”, “tyranny authoritative”, “loose management” and “negligent and indifferent” and the purpose, the number of usage, emotional interaction and life routine of children's use of 3C products. |
