行政檢查之探討─以食品安全衛生管理法為例

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Title:	行政檢查之探討─以食品安全衛生管理法為例 The Research of Administrative Inspection-Taking Governing Food Safety and Sanitation Law as Instance
Authors:	陳彥齡
Contributors:	法律學系
Keywords:	行政檢查 Administrative Inspection
Date:	2016
Issue Date:	2017-03-29 14:01:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	行政機關對人民形成行政決定或作成行政處分前，須蒐集相關資料以釐清事實真相，進而獲取正確的心證。行政機關向人民進行蒐集資料的行為，乃以行政檢查為手段，但其行為有可能侵害民眾的基本權利。因此，行政機關為行政檢查時，除了應遵守行政法上之原則，例如依法行政原則、比例原則、明確性原則外，亦應遵循正當法律程序，以確保人民基本權利的保障。行政機關的檢查行為，外觀上類似司法機關的偵查行為，惟侵害人民權益的程度卻有極大差異性，而偵查程序中的證據法則是否亦適用於行政檢查，例如令狀原則、不自證己罪原則等。本文之架構：第一章為緒論。第二章介紹行政檢查的概念、分類及定性。第三章討論行政檢查應遵守之行政法原則、正當法律程序，及行政檢查可能侵害人民之何種基本權利。第四章則討論刑事偵查程序中的證據法則，是否適用於行政檢查程序；又行政檢查程序轉換成刑事偵查程序時，應踐行何種程序。第五章則將前述的討論，用於評析法院判決行政機關是否有遵守正當法律程序或行政法原則之判決。第六章則提出本文之整理及見解。 Before an administrative decision or sanction is imposed on any person, the administrative agency involved should collect materials to clarify relevant facts and obtain proper evidence. Administrative agencies use administrative inspection as a means to collect information from people involved, but its act may infringe on the people's basic rights. Therefore, when conducting an administrative inspection, the administrative agency should follow the due process of law in addition to the principles of administrative law such as the principle of administration according to law, the principle of proportionality and the principle of clarity, in order to ensure protection of the basic rights of the people involved. Inspections conducted by an administrative agency and by a judicial agency are similar in appearance, but the degree of infringement on the rights and interests of the people involved is quite different, and it is questionable whether in the investigation process the evidence principles, such as prerogative writs and the right against self-incrimination, are also applicable to administrative inspections. Chapter One of this paper presents an introduction to the topic. Chapter Two introduces the concept, classification and qualitative attributes of administrative inspection. Chapter Three discusses the principle of administrative law and due process of law which should be followed in an administrative inspection, as well as the types of fundamental rights that may be infringed upon in an administrative inspection. Chapter Four presents a discussion of whether the rule of evidence in the criminal investigation process is applicable to an administrative inspection process, and what steps should be followed when an administrative inspection process is converted into a criminal investigation process. In Chapter Five the preceding discussion is used to assess a court’s decision regarding the compliance of an administrative agency with the due process of law or the administrative law. Finally, conclusions and suggestions are put forward in Chapter Six.
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