| 摘要: | 政府採購行為係「私經濟行政」中之行政輔助行為，應受私法之支配；但因政府採購係使用立法機關通過之預算所為的行為，機關之行為在程序上即需受較多的拘束，不若私人之採購決定，得主張「私法自治」與「締約自由」，而為恣意或不合理之差別待遇，仍應受憲法第7條平等原則所拘束。因此課予政府機關辦理採購應遵守公開、公平採購程序之義務規定，同時為符合政府採購協定與建立有效率的爭端解決機制，政府採購法設置異議、申訴變異式救濟制度，然而在實定法之規定不盡明確的情況下，造成招標、審標、決標之性質、異議處理結果與申訴審議判斷之性質、行政程序法之適用與否等矛盾爭議問題。本論文認為政府採購行為之法律性質有釐清之必要，俾確認管轄法院及權利救濟途徑，行政程序法規定的適用問題、國家賠償請求權基礎之有無，以及法律解釋與適用的遵循原則。
本論文研究範圍限定於政府採購爭議處理制度之研究，並以異議、申訴為中心，此與機關實務運作情形息息相關，因此本文之研究方式擬追訴法規範之立法資料，探究立法者規定意向及其規範所追求之目標。並整理國內論述文獻資料、主管機關行政院公共工程委員會函釋，以及普通法院及行政法院對相關問題之見解，配合政府採購法有關爭議處理之架構進行討論，並以政府採購協定與德國政府採購救濟方式作為我國制度借鏡之參考。
本論文第一章為緒論，說明本文之研究動機與目的，研究範圍以及研究方法。第二章先行界定政府採購之立法目的、執行原則，接續探討政府採購行為之法律性質。第三章探討我國政府採購爭議處理之異議、申訴制度，異議處理結果與申訴審議判斷之性質、效力及其後續之救濟與償付請求爭議之司法審判權。第四章以政府採購協定及德國政府採購救濟方式作為我國制度借鏡之參考，檢視我國申訴制度限以公告金額以上規定之訴訟權保護，其差別待遇是否具充分重要理由。第五章係結論與建議，整理出對於異議、申訴爭議處理制度法規修正之問題點，以提供未來修法之建議。
Government procurement is an administrative assistance in “private economic admin-istration”, and should be regulated by the private law. However, because government pro-curement is carried out based on the budget passed by the legislature, procurement procedures need to be subjected to more restrictions. Unlike procurement in the private sectors which can claim “autonomy of private law” and “freedom of contracting,” arbitrary or unjustified dis-crimination of governmental procurement shall still be constrained by the principle of equality under Article 7 of Constitution. Therefore, governmental procurement is obligated to build up an open and fair procurement procedures, and Government Procurement Act shall establish the systems of protest, complaint and dispute settlement to conform government procurement agreement and establish efficient dispute settlement mechanism. Nevertheless, due to the in-definiteness of the current acts, controversial disputes may occur such as invitation to tender, evaluation of tender, award of contract, protest settlement results, the judgement of complaint review, and the applicability of the Administrative Procedure Law. This study argues it is im-perative necessary to clarify the legal nature of Government Procurement Act so as to confirm the jurisdiction and the provision of right relief, the applicability of the Administrative Pro-cedure Law, the basic right of state compensation, and the legal interpretation and its applica-bility.
This study is focus on the research of the government procurement dispute settlement especially in protest and complaint which are closely related to the practical situation of the organizations. Therefore, the research methods of the study first investigate the legislative in-formation of regulating (Government Procurement) Act, legislators’ intention and the goals of the regulation. Second, the research questions are discussed based on domestic literature, the interpretation of the Procurement and Public Construction Commission of Executive Yuan, opinions of the ordinary court and the administrative courts, as well as the dispute settlement of the Government Procurement Act. In addition, Government Procurement Agreement and the relief procedure of German government procurement are used as a reference for our pro-curement systems.
The full study is organized into five chapters; first, the study introduces the research mo-tive and purpose, the scope of research and the research method. In the second chapter, the study first defines the legislative purpose of government procurement and the implementation principles, and then discuss the legal nature of government procurement behavior. In the third chapter, the study explores dispute settlement protest and complaint of government procure-ment, results of dispute settlement, the legal nature and effectiveness of complaints review decision, and jurisdiction of relief and claim for compensation. In the following chapter, the study uses the Government Procurement Agreement and the relief procedure of German gov-ernment procurement as reference for our procurement systems as well as examines whether there is any sufficient and important reasons for discrimination and the protection of litigation right of complaints system which is limited to reaching the threshold for publication. Finally, the study concludes in the last chapter with the research findings, pointing out the correction problems of dispute settlement protest and complaint and suggestions for future amendment. |
