| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討老年人的生命意義感與生活滿意度之關係。並瞭解不同個人背景因素的老年人在「生命意義感」與「生活滿意度」上的差異情形和「生命意義感」與「生活滿意度」之相關性。
本研究採用問卷調查方法。研究對象為新北市新店區65歲以上老年人；正式施測樣本總數為275份，回收269份，比率高達97.8％，有效樣本為237份，有效回收率88.1 %。研究工具分為三項：「個人基本資料」、「生命意義感量表」、「生活滿意度量表」。研究問卷所得資料，以SPSS 22.0 for Windows 進行統計分析，分別以次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單一樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料處理與分析，結果如下：
1.老年人「生命意義感」傾向「中上程度」，以「自我實現」層面的生命意
義感感受程度最高，「靈性」層面最低。
2.老年人「生活滿意度」傾向「中上程度」，以「生活的樂趣」層面的生活
滿意度感受程度最高，「自我概念」層面最低。
3. 老年人的「生命意義感」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「子女數」、「孫子女數」、「最小孫子女年齡」的不同而有顯著差異。另外在「自覺健康狀況」、「宗教信仰虔誠度」與「生命意義感」有顯著正相關。
4. 老年人的「生活滿意度」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「子女數」、「孫子女數」的不同而有顯著差異。在「自覺健康狀況」、「宗教信仰虔誠度」與「生活滿意度」有顯著正相關。
5. 老年人整體「生命意義感」與整體「生活滿意度」之間具顯著正相關。
6. 老年人的「個人背景因素」對其「生命意義感」有45 % 的顯著預測力。
7. 老年人的「個人背景因素」對其「生活滿意度」有42% 的顯著預測力。
8. 老年人「個人背景因素」與「生命意義感」對其「生活滿意度」有71%的顯著預測力。
最後，根據本研究結果，提供新北市地區老年人及家人、政府相關單位及民間組織更深入全面向了解老年人的生命意義感與生活滿意度感受傾向，在相關政策措施設計上，能更具體、貼切符應老年人的實際需求。除外，提供後續研究老年人相關議題者有助益的參考，並能拋磚引玉，激勵日後質、量並茂的相關研究。
This Research aims at Study on the causal Relations and the Correla-
tions between the Sense of the Meaning in Life and the Degree of the Life Satisfaction of the elderly People aged more than 65 Years old. In addition
to this Study, the Researcher tries to Realizing with Regard to the Differences and Correlations between the Sense of the Meaning in Life and the Degree of Life Satisfaction of the above-mentioned elderly People, who have different individual Backgrounds, observed as determining Factors for these both Objects.
The methods, which have been used for this Research, include not only Literature Analysis but also Questionnaire Survey Methods. The researched personal Objects focuses on the elderly People aged over 65, who live in District Hsin-Dian New Taipei City Taiwan. The total Number of original official Sample amounts to 275, number of returned Sample 269, equal to 97.8% ; among this Quantity there are 237 valid Returns, which are in Percentage equal to 88.1%. The Instruments,which have been used to conducting the Research, include namely 1. personal basic Data 2. The Sense of the Meaning in Life Scale Survey 3. The Degree of the Life Satisfaction Scale Survey. Basically the Result as well as Data through Questionnaire Survey Method are put into SPSS 22.0 for Windows, in order to gain statistical Result. Precisely expressed, significant statistical Methods such as Frequency Distribution & Percentage, Mean value&Standard Deviation, one Sample t-Test, independent t-Test, one-Way, ANOVA & Scheffes Method, Pearsons Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis, are used systematically for Data Processing and Analysis. The Researcher gains the following Result:
1. The Sense of the Meaning in Life of the elderly People tends to middle/
high Degree. Among all Levels the Self-Realizing Level reaches highest
Degree; In Contrast to this Tendency, the Spirituality reaches lowestDegree.
2. The Degree of the Life Satisfaction of the elderly People tends to middle/above Degree. Among all Levels the Joy of Life Level reaches highest Degree; In Contrast to this Tendency, the Self-Concept reaches lowest Degree.
3. With regard to the Sense of the Meaning in Life of the elderly People, the
Differences in Factors just as Age, Education Degree, Number of Son and Daughter, Number of Grandchild and Age of youngest Grandchild, lead to evident Discrepancy. It exists evident positive Correlation between the Sense of the Meaning in Life and self perceptive self-perceptive Health
Status. In Addition, it exists also evident positive Correlation between the Sense of the Meaning in Life and the Sincerity of religious Belief.
4. With regard to the Degree of the Life Satisfaction of the elderly People, the Differences in Factors just as Age, Education Degree and Marital Status, Number of Son and Daughter and Number of Grandchild, lead to evident Discrepancy. It exists evident positive Correlation between the Degree of the Life Satisfaction and self-perceptive Health Status. In Addition, it exists also evident positive Correlation between the Degree of the Life Satisfaction and the Sincerity of religious Belief.
5. It shows evident positive Correlation between the Sense of the Meaning in Life as Whole on the one hand and the Degree of the Life Satisfaction as Whole on the other hand. It shows also evident positive Correlation between all Levels, which the Sense of the Meaning in Life includes, on the one hand and all Levels, which the Degree of the Life Satisfaction includes, on the other hand.
6. On the Subject of predictive Power relating to the Sense of the Meaning of Life of the elderly People, their personal Backgrounds Factors reach evidently 45%.
7. On the Subject of predictive Power relating to the Degree of the Life Satisfaction of the elderly People, their personal Backgrounds Factors reach evidently 42%.
8. On the Subject of predictive Power relating to the Sense of the Meaning of Life as well as the Degree of the Life Satisfaction of the elderly People, their personal Backgrounds Factors reach evidently 71%.
Finally the Researcher expects that present Research Result could be
offered to the competent Authorities within the local as well as central
Government for the main Purpose, that the responsible political
Decision-Makers and Governing Politicians could thoroughly and
completely become aware of the existing real Constellation regarding the
Sense of the Meaning in Life and the Degree of the Life Satisfaction of the
elderly People. It is also the hearty Expectation of the Researcher ,that the competent Authorities could regard this Kind of the Awareness as the necessary Reference for the Planning and Decision-Making of all Policies and Measures regarding the elderly People, which correspond with the practical Needs and Requirements of the elderly People. Moreover it would be expected, that the present Research Result could be offered helpfully to those, who as follow-up Researchers and interest in Study on all Themes regarding the elderly People, for the main Purpose, that the present Research Result could function as “Throwing a Brick and getting a Piece of Jade in Return”, and arouse and encourage them to follow-up Researches, which would be not only qualitatively but also quantitatively excellent. |
