| 摘要: | 高齡者在社會中扮演著照護幼兒與傳承經驗的重要角色，但科技的進步卻使高齡者在社會上逐漸成為弱勢，且科技進步並非絕對讓高齡者感到舒適與方便，而在全球高齡化與都市化的趨勢下，高齡者特別需要友善且便利的生活環境，以彌補對社會與自身生理變化所帶來的不便。而當前都市研究多以宏觀層面進行探討，尚無法探討高齡友善城市的特點及需求為何，而在促進高齡者身心健康等方面，城市又該如何改善，才能因應大眾運輸導向發展（transit-oriented development, TOD）發展。本研究依據不同研究內容與對象，分為兩個年度進行：第一年度為建立台灣高齡友善TOD運輸環境之評估指標，首先將TOD設計理念與高齡者步行需求相結合，以台灣五大都市環境為研究對象，以模糊德爾菲法界定出TOD高齡友善指標面向，並擬出高齡友善TOD運輸環境特徵，藉此從高齡者的角度探討其對於友善運輸環境之喜好，最後以分析網絡程序法建立出評估指標，以供未來發展高齡友善TOD都市之參考依據。如此雖能提供台灣朝向高齡友善都市發展之方針，但亦僅著重於都市尺度，尚未考量到TOD環境對於高齡者的個體影響，據此本計畫續擬第二年度計畫，以進行高齡友善TOD步行與運輸環境對高齡者身心健康之影響因子，首先將以空間型構法則（space syntax）為基礎，結合前年度研究成果，加入物理特性與環境特性，並以台北捷運站點為研究對象，透過TOD步行路網結構之分析，進而探討TOD高齡友善各項指標對於高齡者個體影響要素為何；其中將以階層線性模式與結構方程模式分析TOD步行環境對高齡者身心健康之影響因子，在過程中充分考量高齡者個體需求，供後續研究反應到TOD環境設計中應用，以期研擬出因應TOD老齡化之發展對策。
The elderly people play an important role in the society for taking care of preschool kids and passing heritage experiences on. But as technology becomes more and more advanced, the elderly have been pushed into the disadvantageous group, enjoying no comfort or convenience from the technological benefits. Meanwhile, population aging and community urbanization have been the global trend, making friendly and convenient living environment desperately desirable to make up the elderly for their inadaptability to the social changes and the inconvenience resulted from their weakened physical capabilities. As a result, simply absent is discussion on how to enhance the physical and mental health of the elderly by improving the urban conditions in response to the aging phenomena that TOD faces. For Taiwan to develop sustainable TOD urbanization, this project will be divided into 3 yearly phases to study different contents and objects, respectively. The first year is aimed to establish the evaluation indicators for a friendly TOD environment for the Taiwan elderly. To begin with, the TOD design ideas are combined with the walk needs of the elderly. The urban environments of the major five cities of Taiwan are taken as the study objects. And the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) is used to define the indicators for the elderly friendliness. The features of an elderly-friendly TOD environment is then set forth in order to take the elderly people's perspectives to view their preferences for friendly transportation environments. Finally, the analytical network process (ANP) is used to set up the evaluation indicators which, hopefully, will be referenced in the future for the development of elderly-friendly TOD cities. These indicators, however, are built on an urban scale, and elements of TOD environmental impact on elderly individuals are yet to be taken into considerations. This individual observation is left to the 2nd yearly phase of the project. In the second yearly phase, the TOD factors of walk and transportation environment are studied to see their impact on the physical and mental health of the elderly. To begin with, the space syntax method is used as the foundation to take in the study result from the previous year, and the environmental features of the 104 Taipei MRT stations are added as the study objects. Through the analysis of the TOD walkway network, the indicators for TOD friendliness on elderly individuals are decided. In the analysis, the hierarchical linear modeling and structural equation modeling are used to identify the TOD walk environment factors that affect the physical and mental health of the elderly. The entire analytical process fully takes into consideration of the needs of elderly individuals. This individuality schema can be reflected in subsequent studies for TOD design in response to the population aging issues. |
