國際刑法以協商終結程序之趨勢

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Title:	國際刑法以協商終結程序之趨勢 The Tendency of Concluding a Case by Plea-bargaining in International Criminal Law
Authors:	鄭文中
Contributors:	法律系
Keywords:	國際刑事法院羅馬規約國際刑事審判程序論罪協商 International Criminal Court Rom Rome Statue International Crimonal Procedure Plea Bargaining
Date:	2009-09
Issue Date:	2016-09-21 10:39:16 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2002年生效的羅馬規約是國際刑法史上劃時代意義的里程碑，也是國際社會追求正義理想的具體實踐。根據羅馬規約之規定，國際刑事法院主要是針對觸犯種族屠殺罪、危害人類罪、戰爭罪及侵略罪之個人進行起訴和審判。冷戰秩序瓦解後發生在前南斯拉夫、盧安達等境內一連串慘絕人寰的種族清洗事件，除了促使了國際刑事法院的設立外，前南斯拉夫特別國際刑事法庭、盧安達特別國際刑事法庭的國際刑事審判實務，對於國際刑法理論的深化，無論在實體法或是在程序法上，皆具有重大的貢獻。本文所探討的協商終結程序之趨勢，亦是導源於此，蓋國際刑事法院之審判程序仍相當地少，其所規定之內容，將如何運作及產生何種問題，前南斯拉夫、盧安達的特別國際刑事法庭的審判實務即具有重要的參考價值。國際刑事審判由於案件本身具有高度政治性，在衝突地區本即相當敏感，因而使得發現真實的偵查活動受到相當程度之阻礙，在此種不利因素下，爲求得事件發生及其經過之真實，以刑期之優惠換取被告之自白則是相當自然之結果，也有其不得不然之考慮；然而由於國際刑事審判之目的在於實踐正義，回復衝突地區之和平秩序。是以如何使這兩者適度地調和並求取平衡點，即爲本文探討之重點。 The Rome Statute, which entered into force in 2002, is not only the significant milestone of international criminal law-making, but also is the concrete practice of the ideal in the history of the international community to pursue justice.. According to Rome Statute, the court's main tasks are to accuse and adjudicate cases involved genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. The series of tragic genocide events occurred in former Yugoslavia and Ruanda after the collapse of Cold-war order has accelerated the establishment of ICC. Particularly, the practices in international criminal trial of ICTY and ICTR formed a huge contribution in enhancing the theories of international criminal law either in substantive laws and procedural laws aspects; as this matter, this article intends to discuss the trend of Bargaining. Due to the international criminal tribunal deficient in trial procedure, how the procedural regulations be operated and what issues may rise, the practice of ICTY and ICTR could provide significant references. The cases of International criminal tribunal carry highly political characters, they are extremely sensitive in conflict zone, therefore the investigation has always faced quite obstructions. In order to investigate the truth of events under this unfriendly circumstance, it is spontaneously and cannot but to trade confessions of defendant by commuting the sentence. However the purpose of international criminal trial is to bring justice and to recover the peace in conflict zone; hence, the main point of the article is trying to find the reconciliation and balance for this matter.
Relation:	臺灣國際法季刊； 6卷3期 (2009 / 09 / 01) ， P45 - 96
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Law & Graduate Institute of Law ] journal articles

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