| 摘要: | 基於憲法第15 條之生存權保障，國家因實現此項生存照顧義務，其功能與角色，漸由早期之秩序維護者，在工業革命後，改變人民之生活與工作型態，國家、資本家與勞工間之衝突關係益形緊張，為滿足人民之需求及為改善前述關係，迫使國家必須立法，除加強國家對於勞工之生存照顧外，同時立法強制雇主照顧勞工義務。二次大戰後之德國基本法第20 條第1 項及第28 條第1 項，將社會法治國原則（Sozialrechtsstaat）確立於德國立國五大基本原則中，屬於德國基本法第79條第3項不得變更 (Unabändbarkeit) 之憲政基本秩序與中心價值1條文2。 國家應立法建構社會安全 (保障) 制度 (Sozialsicherungsystem)，其範圍主要涵蓋社會保險、社會補償與福利服務及社會救助等三大支柱。就此，德國聯邦憲法 法院判決見解認為，社會法治國原則主要在強制立法者，實現制憲者之委託3。透過行政、立法及司法三權之合作與制衡，保障人民具人格尊嚴之自由權與平等權4，達社會正義 (Sozialgerechtigkeit) 5與社會平等 (Soziale Gleichheit) 之理想境界。
Ensure on the basis of the rights to subsistence of article 15 of constitution, because the country realizes this survives and looks after the obligation, its function and role, by the early order guardian gradually, after industrial revolution, life and working attitude to change people, country, capitalist and conflict of labourer relation benefit shape nervous, in order to meet the people's demand and in order to improve the aforesaid relation, force the country to legislate, besides strengthening the existence of the labourer of the country and looking after, legislate to force employers to look after labourer's obligation at the same time. 20th item 1 and article 28 item 1, Basic Law of Germany, after the World War II, run a country principle (Sozialrechtsstaat) social law Establish and found a state in Germany it in five major basic principles, it is the 79th item 3 of Germany's Basic Law that does not get the modification (Unabandbarkeit) Constitutional government basically for order and centre for value clause. The country should legislate to build and construct the social safety (ensure) System (Sozialsicherungsystem) ,Its range mainly contains social insurance, the society in three major pillars of compensating and succouring with welfare service and the society etc.. At this point, court's judgement opinion of Germany's federal constitution thinks, the social law runs a country the principle is forcing legislators mainly, commission of the persons who realize formulating a new constitution. And check and balance through administration, legislating and cooperation between three right of administration of justice, ensure the people to have freedom right of dignity of human personality and equal right, reach the social justice (Sozialgerechtigkeit) Equal with the society (Soziale Gleichheit) Its ideal realm. |
