| 摘要: | 本研究之研究動機，要從2009年就讀文化大學勞工關係學系人力資源組一年級時說起，當時接觸到中國文化大學的舞蹈社團，在裡面看到了很多舞蹈界的老師跟學生；透過密切的接觸，瞭解舞蹈表演者為了上台那幾分鐘的時間，所花費的努力跟精力，絕非一般人可以瞭解的。由於本系是從事勞資關係相關研究的科系，所以更會注意舞者的工作相關議題。經常發現老師們北中南各地跑來跑去，而有許多的舞蹈系學生練了十幾年的舞蹈，可是對未來的就業不敢堅持從事舞蹈相關職業；為了探究個中原因，因此將以勞資關係的角度來研究台灣專業舞者，希望可以找出其中的問題以及解決方式。
綜合上述之研究背景與動機，因此本研究設定研究目的如下：一.瞭解目前台灣地區舞者工作概況、二.瞭解台灣地區舞者勞資關係概況、三.影響台灣舞者勞資關係之因素、四.檢討台灣地區舞者勞資關係問題解決對策、五.依據研究結果提出政策建議，為了可以明瞭以上之目的，本研究運用了質性研究方法中的文獻分析法（documentary analysis/document Analysis）與深度訪談法（in-depth interview），就文獻分析，本研究依照了解專業舞者的養成以及職涯所面對的問題做為脈絡，發展出[台灣專業舞者的養成與就業環境]、[勞資關係]、[影響台灣舞者勞資關係因素]、[舞蹈資源]之章節，並且從中發展出訪談大鋼，進而由訪談9位台灣專業舞者得到資料，以語意學之概念進行3次歸納所得知KEY WORD進行分析而得結論並且由結論演繹出解決對策。
本研究結論為台灣舞者的工作地方，主要是舞團、舞蹈教室、學校，而學校是為政策的因素，所以沒有勞資關係的問題，而就舞團跟教室，因為在台灣舞團的經營不佳，導致很難成為雇主身分，以至於與台灣舞者的與舞團難以建立勞資關係，而教室因為原本學專業舞蹈的學生就少，加上近年來少子化，所以與舞者也皆以抽成關係，比較像是出場地給舞者開課的關係，並無勞資關係，大多數的舞者是以無故傭關係再公會進行勞健保的加保，歸納前文的結論及分析，本研究針對專業舞者勞資問題提出以下解決方法：
一、 將藝術教育向下落實
二、舞團、舞蹈教室、舞者證照化
三、舞者教育與市場連結
四、社會保障制度的改善
五、加強藝術與企業的連結
The motivation of this research can be traced to my freshmen year in HR Group of Department of Labor Relations, Chinese Culture University in 2009, during those days I had access to the dancing company of Chinese Culture University where I have known a number of teachers and students in the field of dance. By close contacts, I have understood the true essence of the so-called “one minute on the stage takes ten-year hard-working practice” and the efforts and energies invested in were out of the scope of understanding for ordinary people. I paid more attention to the relevant issues with respect to the dancers’ work in consequence of our department’ involvement in the researches regarding labor-capital relationship. We could find that our teachers’ dash around the world and many students of dance department might not stick to the dance related professions when taking the future outlook of employment into consideration even though they have dedicated themselves to dance for more than 10 years. I will carry out the investigation on Taiwan’s professional dancers from the perspective of labor-capital relationships to find out the reasons, problems and further the solutions.
Combined with the above mentioned research background and motivations, the purposes of this study can be shown as follows: 1. Have an overview of current working status of dancers in Taiwan; 2. Have an overview of current status of labor-capital relationships among dancers in Taiwan. 3. The factors affecting the labor-capital relationships of dancers in Taiwan. 4. Have a review on the labor-capital relationship problems and corresponding solutions. 5. Put forward recommendations according to research results. In order to have a better understanding of above purposes, the Documentary Analysis and In-depth Interview of Qualitative Research Method were applied to the study. In addition, in terms of documentary analysis, this study was extended into four chapters, i.e. [The Cultivation of Taiwan’s Professional Dancers and Employment Environment], [Labor-capital Relationship], [Factors Affecting the Labor-capital Relationship of Taiwan’s Dancers] as well as [Dance Resources] based on the contexts of the cultivation of Taiwan’s professional dancers and the problems confronting with throughout the career life. From which I also summarized the interview outlines and the further interviews of 9 Taiwan’s professional dancers also provided me the valuable data which were concluded from the perspective of Semantics and after 3 times of conclusion came the key words, conclusions and the corresponding solutions.
In conclusion, there are no labor-capital relationships among dancers due to the workplaces are mainly dancing companies, dancing classes and school. Among them, school is out of the labor-capital relationships due to political factor and with respect to dancing companies, they are found to be hard to establish labor-capital relationships between Taiwan’s dancers and owners due to poor business performance; as for dancing classes, they are more of renting sites for dancers than establishing labor-capital relationships as results of less students in dance departments and baby bust in recent years. In short, most dancers never insure medical insurance with employment. This research proposes the following solutions for the labor-capital problems of professional dancers based on the former conclusions and analyses:
1. Downstream implementation of artistic education.
2. Licensing the dancing companies, dancing classes and dancers
3. Bonding the dancer education together with markets
4. Improvement of social protection system
5. Strengthening the relations between art and enterprises. |
