| 摘要: | 臺灣地區因晚婚、離婚、不婚等原因，單身人口的比例有不斷增加的趨勢，目前在成年期年齡層中有接近四成的人口為單身，因此關注及增進此族群的心理福祉勢必成為重要的社會課題。單身者經常被認為是因為害羞而無法與人建立親密的情感關係，甚至常被人聯想到是孤單、寂寞的。基於此，本研究旨在瞭解單身者的害羞與寂寞感之現況及關係。探討不同背景變項單身者的害羞是否有差異；分析不同背景變項單身者的寂寞感是否有差異；探討單身者的害羞與寂寞感之相關性，並根據研究結果，對單身者、家庭教育及諮商輔導相關單位提出建議，以供各界參考。
本研究採「問卷調查法」，所使用之測量工具包括：「個人背景因素調查表」、「害羞量表修訂版」及「寂寞感量表」。以大臺北地區25歲以上、65歲以下的單身者 (從未結婚、離婚、喪偶) 為研究對象，採立意取樣和滾雪球方式發放問卷，預試有效樣本128份，正式有效樣本為588份。以描述性統計、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、LSD事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、強迫進入多元迴歸分析進行資料處理。藉以瞭解單身者的個人背景、害羞與寂寞感是否有關。
本研究結果如下:
一、大臺北地區單身者之「害羞」顯著低於理論中點，表示單身者害羞傾向低。「寂寞感」顯著低於理論中點，表示單身者很少具有寂寞感。
二、大臺北地區單身者之「年齡」及「婚姻經驗」在「害羞」上有顯著差異，25至 39歲大於55至64歲；無婚姻經驗的單身者較有婚姻經驗的單身者害羞。
三、大臺北地區單身者男性之寂寞感程度大於女性；50至54歲之單身者的寂寞感大於之25至 29歲單身者，55至64歲之單身者的寂寞感大於25至34 歲及40至44歲之單身者。國中、高中畢業單身者的寂寞感大於大專（含大學）及 研究所（含以上）畢業之單身者；大專(含大學)程度單身者的寂寞感大於研究所（含以上）程度的單身者。離婚與喪偶之單身者的寂寞感受程度大於從未結婚之單身者。
四、大臺北地區單身者的「害羞」與「寂寞感」有顯著低度正相關，表示害羞傾向越高者，有越容易感到寂寞之情形。
五、大臺北地區單身者的「性別」、「年齡」、「教育程度」與「害羞」對寂寞感具有16%的顯著解釋力。顯示男性、年齡較大、
教育程度較低、害羞程度愈高之單身者，其寂寞感愈高。
根據本研究結果，建議單身男性及年長之單身者拓展並多參加各種社交活動；教育程度較低之單身者能再接受廣泛的進修或其他教育機會；害羞之單身者能覺察自我負面的想法會影響其在社交情境的表現與人際關係之建立，進而積極克服焦慮並融入社交活動。此外，建議家庭教育或諮商輔導相關單位能多提供經營人際關係的相關課程或諮商服務，以利單身者減少其寂寞感。
Due to late marriage, high divorce rate, refusing to get married, the proportion of single population is increasing in Taiwan. In 2015, single people take up about 40% of the total population which ages from 25 to 64 . Single people are often considered to be shy and lonely, therefore, giving concerns to mental well-being of this population becomes an important social issue. Thus, this study proposes to investigate the differences of single people’s personal background factors on shyness and loneliness, the correlation between shyness and loneliness, as well as the prediction of personal background factors and shyness on loneliness.
Adopting the “survey method” and single people in Greater Taipei Area, aged between 30 to 64 as research participants, this study employed the purposive and snowball sampling. A total of 588 valid questionnaires were returned. Research instruments include three sections, namely, “personal basic information”, “shyness scale” and “loneliness scale”. This study conducted data analyses, such as, descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, Independent-Samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s and LSD method, Pearson product-moment correlation and “enter” method of multiple regression. The results are as follows:
1. The average score of "shyness" is significantly lower than the theoretical midpoint. The result shows single people’s shyness tends to be "low" level. The average score of "loneliness" is significantly lower than the theoretical midpoint. The result shows single people’s loneliness tends to be "low" level.
2. “Age” and “marriage experience” make a significant difference on shyness. Single people aged between 25 and 39 have a higher level of shyness in comparison with those aged between 55 and 64.
3. “Gender”,“age”, “education”, and “marriage experience” are significantly different in single people’s loneliness. Male single people perceive a higher level of loneliness than female. Single people aged between 50 and 64 perceive a higher level of loneliness than those aged between 25 and 44. Single people graduated from senior high school (or Junior high school) perceive a higher level of loneliness than those graduated from graduate school (or above); those with bachelor’s degree perceive a higher level of loneliness than those with master’s degree. Single people with marriage experience (divorce or widow) perceive a higher level of loneliness than those never married.
4. “Shyness”and “loneliness” show low positive correlation.
5. “Gender”,“age”, “education” and “shyness” account for 16% of variance in “loneliness” of single people in Greater Taipei Area.
Based on the findings of this study, the male and elder single people are recommended to join social activities and expand social network; single people who are less-educated are recommended to look for opportunity of further study. Single people who has higher level of shyness is suggested to overcome social phobia and learn social skills. Furthermore, it’s recommended that family education units provide program, such as, “how to overcome shyness and loneliness”, and the counseling units provide more counseling service on helping those shy and lonely to enhance their interpersonal relations. |
