| 摘要: | 目前我國無一定雇主勞工，雖已成為就業保險之適用對象，但於就業環境中的勞動條件，並無真正的落實的就業保障，除了本身不受勞動基準法之規章所保障，而我國無一定雇主於勞動環境中，本身的勞動安全意識較薄弱，則易處於勞動不安全環境之中，且相較於一般受僱員工，於工作之情形更是處於危險之中，且多數的無一定雇主勞工，是受僱於依法免辦登記且無核定課稅或依法免辦登記且無統一發票購票證之雇主或機構，則被排除在就業保險規範之外，則一旦發生失業的情況下，面臨經濟來源的中斷，已及家庭開銷的支出，此部分的無一定雇主勞工則會受到所得安全之衝擊，因此建構我國無一定雇主勞工之就業保障制度，並完善其相關措施，就保障勞工權益之角度，實應受到社會各界之重視。
而本研究透過文獻，探討我國無一定雇主勞工於身份轉換過程中之受僱類型的轉變，及其就業保障的內涵，而為更加瞭解我國無一定雇主勞工，在我國法規的適用現況和實務上的落差，本研究並以不同勞動型態之勞工於勞動條件的差異性相互比較，並採用質化分析方法，以就業保險中之失業給付為核心，利用深度訪談的研究方法，集結無一定雇主勞工以及相關專家意見之實務經驗分享，深入探討無一定雇主勞工於就業保險制度與就業保障上所面臨的困境。研究發現：我國無一定雇主勞工，多數處於就業不穩定情況，並且容易暴露於失業的可能性，如「失敗的可能性」、「職業傷害所致無法工作」、「每件工作的期間等待期過長」、「外籍勞工取代本籍勞工」、「法規所致影響工作進度」所導致的成因，並且也因部分的無一定雇主勞工，因受僱於自然人雇主或因受僱型態的不明確，則被排除在就業保險規範之外，則無法享有就業保險中之相關就業保障，進而影響自身的所得安全之保障。因此，藉由本研究之結果，歸納建立我國無一定雇主勞工，於就業保障制度相關措施之方法，期許政府機關鑑於自營作業者在勞動市場上的重要性，考量其職業上之特性，提供更多元化之政策措施予以扶助。
Nowadays, our country non-definite employer workers have already become the applicable object of employment insurance, but the working condition of employment environment doesn’t really do the protection of employment. In this employment environment, non-definite employer workers are not only protected by the Labor Standards Act, but they do not have enough sense of labor security. Thus, they are easier and more dangerous to be in the unsafe working environment than general labors. Besides, most of them who are excluded from employment insurance are employed by the exempt from registration and approved of non-deductible tax legally or the exempt from registration and approved of no Government Uniform Invoice purchase card legally. If they are not unemployed and have to face the breach of economy sources and expenses for family, it will attack their employment security. Therefore, we need to build a system of employment security for non-definite employer workers and perfect the related measures. From the perspective of protecting labors’ rights, the society has to value them.
This study discusses our country’s non-definite employer workers’ change of employment types from transferring of identities and contents of employment security to understand the drop height between the legislation and practical circumstance. Also, the study compares the different labor conditions of employment types and takes advantage of qualitative analysis method. It uses the unemployment benefit of employment insurance to be the core and combines opinions and practical experiences from non-definite employer workers and relative experts to discuss non-definite employer workers’ conditions of employment insurance and difficult position of employment protection by in-depth interview.
This study finds most non-definite employer workers are not in the stable employment circumstance and are exposed in unemployment environment easily, for example, the reasons includes “the possibility of failure”, “occupational injury that influences workers cannot work”, “the period of applying job that is too long”, “foreign labors replace domestic labors”, and “the legislation influences the progress of work”. In addition, some of non-definite employer workers are employed by the natural person employer or the employment types are not clear, so they are excluded from the standard of employment insurance. They cannot have the employment protection of employment insurance and it affects their own protection of income security. Consequently, from the result of research, we should build a system of employment protection and relative measures. We hope governments can understand the importance of non-definite employer workers in the labor market and evaluate the occupational character to provide multiple policies and assist them. |
