| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討生命態度剖面圖做為測量工具，應用於實徵研究(包含實驗研究與相關分析研究)在依變項及效標變項(生命意義感分數)上的成效，透過檢索系統選出符合本研究研究目的之應用研究共47篇，經過研究程序的篩選與剔除後進行後設分析之研究為42篇，分類為實驗研究文獻(比較數18個)、相關分析研究文獻(比較數39個)進行後設分析，其量表整體平均效果量之探討以實驗研究文獻採用固定效果模式；相關分析研究文獻採隨機效果模式。此外，實驗研究文獻與相關分析研究皆進行分量表整體平均效果量與調節變項之探討。
研究結果如下:
一、「生命態度剖面圖」運用於實驗研究之後測整體平均效果量為.471，為中下程度成效；追蹤測整體平均效果量為.446，亦為中下程度成效。
二、生命態度剖面圖分量表應用於實驗研究之整體平均效果量，依分量表「求意義的意志」整體平均效果量為0.413；「存在盈實」整體平均效果量為0.322；「生命目的」整體平均效果量為0.288；「生命控制」整體平均效果量為0.323；「苦難接納」整體平均效果量為0.269；「死亡接納」整體平均效果量為0.314，顯示六個向度分量表的成效皆為中下程度之成效。
三、 生命態度剖面圖運用於預測心理與需求效標變項之相關分析研究整體平均效果量為.488，關聯強度成效趨近中等程度效果；認知與想法效標變項整體平均效果量為.279，關聯強度成效為中下程度效果；社會與行為效標變項整體平均效果量為.473，關聯強度成效趨近中等程度效果。當生命態度剖面圖運用在預測心理與需求、社會與行為的效標變項的關聯強度優於預測認知與想法效標變項。
四、「生命態度剖面圖」總量表應用於整體相關分析研究之整體平均效果量為0.430，關聯強度成效為中下程度。
五、生命態度剖面圖分量表應用於相關分析研究之整體平均效果量，依分量表「求意義的意志」整體平均效果量為0.338；「存在盈實」整體平均效果量為0.395；「生命目的」整體平均效果量為0.338；「生命控制」整體平均效果量為0.302；「苦難接納」整體平均效果量為0.270；「死亡接納」整體平均效果量為0.275，顯示六個分量表的關聯強度成效皆中下程度。
六、影響生命態度剖面圖運用於實驗研究之調節變項，分別為出版形式、受試者族群、分量表刪減、統計量方式，共4個調節變項。表示實驗研究的成效會受此4個調節變項的不同而產生差異。
七、影響生命態度剖面圖運用於相關分析研究之調節變項，僅有效標變項類型共1個調節變項，表示效標變項類型為最主要影響關聯強度成效的原因。
八、綜合上述，生命態度剖面圖運用在實驗研究或相關分析研究整體平均效果量皆趨近0.5，亦反映生命態度剖面圖做為測量生命意義感分數時，具有良好的成效。
根據上述研究發現與結論，提供一些意見與建議給未來研究、實務教育工作者與學生作為參考。
The purpose of this research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the dependent variable and criterion variable in empirical research (including experimental research and correlation research) by using life attitude profile as measuring tools. Based on the purpose of this research, a total of 47 experimental research literatures were chosen using literature retrieval system. In accordance with the research method (Meta-analysis), 42 research literatures were screening out to be used in this research which categorised into experimental research (18 comparison numbers) and correlation research (39 comparison numbers). Fixed effect model was used in investigating the total effect size in experimental research literature while the random effect model was used for correlation analysis literature. In addition, both experimental research literature and correlation analysis of literatures were investigated to explore the sub scale effect size and variable adjustment.
The findings are as follows:
1. The effect size of life attitude profile using in the life education program research is 0.471, which were below the average. The effect size from the tracking test is below the average at approximately 0.446.
2. The effect size of the life attitude profile subscale effect size using in the experimental research as follows, 1) Will to meaning, 0.413 (2) Existential Vacuum, 0.322 (3) Life purpose, 0.288 (4) Life control, 0.323 (5)Suffer acceptance, 0.269 (6)death acceptance, 0.314. It shown that all the subscale effect result are below the average.
3. The effect size of the prediction on types of psychology and demand criterion variables using life attitude profile in correlation research is 0.488, the strength of association were approaching to the moderate range. The effect size of the cognition and belief variables is 0.279, the strength of association were below the average. The effect size of the social and behavioral criterion variable is 0.473, the strength of association were approaching to the moderate range. It indicated that the life attitude profile is better to be used in measuring the strength of association of the effect size of the prediction on types of psychology and demand criterion variables, the effect size of social and behavioural criterion variable than measuring strength of association of the effect size of the cognition and belief using the life attitude profile.
4. The effect size of the total scale on life attitude profile using in the correlation research is 0.430, the strength of association is below the average.
5. The effect size in the correlation research using the life attitude profile subscale effect size as follows, (1) Will to meaning, 0.338 (2) Existential Vacuum, 0.395 (3) Life purpose, 0.338 (4) Life control, 0.302 (5)Suffer acceptance, 0.270 (6)death acceptance, 0.275. It shown that all the subscale effect result are below the average.
6. There are a total of 4 variables that have impact on the use of life attitude profile in experimental research, as follows: publishing style, subject groups,subscale deletion, publication style and statistics method. It indicated that the effectiveness of the experimental research is affected by the 4 different variables.
7. Criterion variable is the only variable that have impact on the use of life attitude profile in correlation research. It indicated that criterion variable is main factor affect the strength of association.
8. In conclusion, the average effect size of the life attitude profile using in either experimental research or correlation research are approaching to 0.5. It demonstrated that life attitude profile achieved a great result in measuring the meaning of life.
A number of general comments and suggestions are offered for future research in the findings and conclusion above. |
