| 摘要: | 本研究只在探討先天性中度低視力者的生命經驗與自我認同，從先天性中度低視力者在家庭、學習、同儕等面向之互動情形，了解先天性中度低視力者所面臨之需求與困境，以及先天性中度低視力與三者會如何相互交織影響，並形塑出其獨特之自我認同。本研究採質性研究之敘說研究法，輔以半結構式的深度訪談，以一位年齡介於19至25歲之先天性中度低視力者為研究對象，將訪談資料整理為生命經驗故事文本，並進一步加以詮釋分析，具體之研究結果如下：
一、先天性中度低視力者主觀的家庭互動內涵
(一)先天性中度低視力者在媽媽無法全時照顧的狀況下，特殊需求被忽略，獨自承受，而使其在面對外在他人時，呈現內向與退縮。
(二)依附關係影響先天性中度低視力者與外在他人關係的建立與互動，長期表達需求卻不被理解的感受，使其對關係難有安全感與信任感。
(三)先天性中度低視力者有較一般人更多的問題與需求，以及對自身的不了解， 透過家長適當地教導與協助，能使其更有安全感，且勇於融入人群。
(四)獨立自主是先天性中度低視力者追尋自我與證明自己所需具備的生存能力。
(五)一視同仁使先天性中度低視力者免於被特殊化，同時也可能使其被忽略。
(六)家人較少與先天性中度低視力者有相同經驗，可能因此使其未能感到家人深切的理解。
二、先天性中度低視力者主觀的學習困境與適應內涵
(一)因障礙而造成之現實能力的差異，阻礙先天性中度低視力者的學習表現。
(二)先天性中度低視力者確實存在著許多學習上的困境，但因視覺功能與環境而有差異，須透過周全的評估來提供協助。
(三)導師適當的說明與引導，可使先天性中度低視力者在班上獲得更多的資源與支持。
(四)先天性中度低視力者需考量自身能力與限制，提供雙方彈性的討論空間，並對自己負責，減輕僱主方的擔心。
三、先天性中度低視力者主觀的同儕互動內涵
(一)他人對先天性中度低視力者的不了解，易因此產生不友善的態度及誤會其行為意涵。
(二)對自身缺陷的抗拒與自卑，以及外在他人的負向回饋，不斷地相互影響，使先天性中度低視力者更加自卑與退縮。
(三)了解自身視覺缺損狀態，有助於溝通自身需求、拉近與他人的離，找到彼此舒適的位置。以及了解自己擁有的能力與未來的方向。
(四)先天性中度低視力者視矯正眼鏡為其敵人，而非適應生活的輔具，影響其與他人對自身之知覺與感受，因此感到極度排斥並想擺脫它。
四、先天性中度低視力者主觀的自我認同經驗內涵
(一)障礙是經由比較與互動而產生的，透過適當的環境措施與人的配合，將不再是障礙。
(二)渴望與同儕一樣及對獨特的排斥，使先天性中度低視力者長期處於抗拒、否認與焦慮的循環中。
(三)先天性中度低視力者之自我認同是一段發現、否認與重新接納自己的過程，且透過內外在的交互作用而形塑出自我，
(四)內在與外在資源的相輔相成，以及重要他人的支持與陪伴，促使抗拒的先天性中度低視力者邁向修復的過程。
最後，根據研究結果與討論，提供未來相關研究之參考方向，並針對先天性中度低視力者、家長、同儕與老師，提出互動上的參考建議。
The aim of this study was to explore the life experience and ego-identity of congenital moderate low vision case, to understand the needs and difficulties faced by the case in the interaction with family, learning, and peer, and how would the case interact with the above three subjects on the mutual influence, and to build up unique ego-identity.
This research adopted the quality research of narrative research method, supplemented by semi-structured in-depth interviews to a congenital moderate low vision case at age ranged from 19 to 25 as the research object. The interviews were consolidated into a life experience story text version for further analysis and interpretation. The specific research findings are as follows:
1. The subjective connotation of the congenital moderate low vision case for family interaction.
1). Owing to limited mother’s participation during entire treatment period, special needs for the case had been neglected. Isolation and immobility as a result of the neglect led to her social withdrawal and inbound.
2). The attachment affected the relationship establishment and interaction between the congenital moderate low vision case and others. It is difficult to have a sense of security and trust because the feeling that the needs raised constantly were not comprehended.
3). Person with moderate low vision have more problems and needs, and poor understand of their own, the appropriate guidance and assistance of parents can make them feel more secure, and to integrate into the crowd.
4). Independent is the ability for person with moderate low vision in pursuit of self and to prove their ability to survive.
5). Equally not only can prevent congenital moderate low vision from being specialized, but also make it possible to be ignored.
6). The family is less likely to have the same experience with those with moderate low vision, and may therefore fail to feel a deep understanding of the family.
2. The subjective connotation of person with congenital moderate low vision for learning difficulties and the adaptation.
1). The difference of real capacity caused by the obstacle hindered the learning performance of person with congenital moderate low vision.
2). Person with congenital moderate low vision have many difficulties in the study, but because the visual function vary due to different environment, so it is required to provide assistance through comprehensive evaluation.
3). Person with congenital moderate low vision can get more resources and support in the class through appropriate explanation and guidance from the instructor.
4). Person with congenital moderate low vision has to consider their own capacity and limitation, to provide a flexible space for discussion, and to be responsible to reduce the employer's concerns.
3. The subjective connotation of person with congenital moderate low vision peer interaction
1). Others failure of understanding of person with congenital moderate low vision are prone to considering their attitude being unfriendly and misunderstanding of their behavior.
2). Resistance to their own defects and inferiority complex, as well as the negative feedback from others, constantly interact with each other, so that person with moderate low vision are more self-inferiority and retreat.
3). Understanding of their own visual impairment status is helpful for communicating their own needs, closer with others, to find a comfortable position for both, and to understand their own capability and future direction.
4). Person with congenital moderate low vision treat vision correction glasses as enemy rather than life assistive device. They feel extreme exclusion and want to get rid of it because it affects the sensation and perception by themselves and others.
4. The subjective connotation of person with congenital moderate low vision for experience of ego-identity
(1). Obstacles caused by comparison and interaction can no longer be obstacles with appropriate environmental measures and person's cooperation.
2). Person with congenital moderate low vision has long been in the cycle of resistance, denial and anxiety because of the desire of to be the same as the peer and the rejection to be unique.
3). The ego-identity of the congenital moderate low vision is a process of discovery, denial and re-acceptance, and it is formed by the interaction between internal and external
4). Internal and external resources complement each other, as well as an important support and companionship of others can help person with congenital moderate low vision moving out of resistance into the process of rehabilitation.
Finally, discussion according to the research results above, this research provided other researchers with a reference direction, and proposed to person with congenital moderate low vision, parents, peers, and teachers consultations and suggestions. |
