| 摘要: | 近義範圍副詞「大多」與「多半」除了在句法、語義和語用近似之外，彼此也因相互作用而產生影響。本研究旨在探究「大多」與「多半」的異同，希望能釐清這兩個詞的用法，將來能運用於教學上。研究中主要是採用文獻分析法及比較法來探討「大多」與「多半」句法特徵、語義異同與篇章語用之差異；首先針對學者在「大多」與「多半」句法、語義和語用上的論點做探討；接著整理台灣「中研院平衡語料庫」、中國大陸「國家語委語料庫」、中國大陸「北京大學語料庫」以及台灣的「新聞知識庫2.0」等中所收錄「大多」與「多半」相關語料；再使用統計、歸納及比較探討兩者之異同；最後再對這組近義詞的句法特徵、語義異同與語用等方面加以說明。
經過以上資料分析、統計、歸納及比較後，得出的研究結果顯示：一、在句法上，範圍副詞「大多」與「多半」在分佈位置、功能與搭配，有部分用法與一般語法書上的描述，出現不同句法型態的現象。二、在語義上，「大多」與「多半」不僅具原有的主觀意識，在現代漢語中也逐漸含有客觀意識及委婉含蓄的情態意味。三、在語用上，「大多」與「多半」不僅用於口語用法，在新聞語體及書面語體中亦被廣泛使用。從現代漢語考察發現，「大多」與「多半」逐漸趨向含有「語用含糊」及「模糊限制語」的語用功能。
在現代漢語中，副詞是一種使用率頗高的詞類，也是學習者融入社會生活中需要知道的功能詞。本研究結果，希冀能提供華語文近義詞教學有意義的參考。
The synonymic degree adverbials“Daduo” and “Duoban” shares common grounds in terms of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic meanings and there are impacts between each other due to bilateral interactions. This research aims at discussing the similarities and differences between “Daduo” and “Duoban” and expects to figure out the usages of these two words and further apply them to the future teachings. This research explores the differences with respect to syntactic features, semantic similarities and differences and text pragmatics of “Daduo” and “Duoban” by the application of Documentary Analysis and Comparative Approach. It firstly discussed the arguments with respect to syntax, semantics and pragmatics of these two words provided by different scholars; and sorted out the data from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese, The National Committee of general equilibrium in modern Chinese corpus, Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU corpus and the Taiwan News Database 2.0; and further probed into the similarities and differences between“Daduo” and “Duoban” by approaches like statistics, induction and comparison. Finally the research came to the descriptions of the syntactic properties, semantic similarities and differences and pragmatics between these two words.
The research results were concluded according to the analysis, statistics and comparisons: First, in terms of syntax, the distributions, functions and collocations of these two words are partly distinct from the ones described in the ordinary grammar books, more specifically in syntactic patterns. Furthermore, with respect to semantics, “Daduo” and “Duoban” not only depict their originally subjective consciousness but also gradually show their objective consciousness and euphemistic modal meanings in modern Chinese language. Finally, in regard to pragmatics, they are not only used in daily communication, but also widely applied in news writing style and written language. From the perspective of modern Chinese language,“Daduo” and “Duoban” has gradually been endowed with the pragmatic functions of “pragmatic vagueness” and “linguistic hedges”.
In modern Chinese language, adverbial is a kind of word extensively used and serving as a sort of functional words needs to be known by the learners when they are integrating into social life. The research results provided expect to supply references for Chinese synonym teachings. |
