| 摘要: | 隨著全球環境氣候極度變化及社會經濟形態的改變，複合型災害的產生及火災形勢的猛烈，再再都在考驗救災的能力和效率；在國家發展的同時，消防安全管理是為衡量整座城市甚至整個國家進步的重要指標，所以一定要重視整個國家的公共安全，進一步在消防機關結合義消組織，以達到最優災害防救及搶救效率。
根據本研究相關文獻探討，透過精心設計的訪談題綱，並針對十位受訪者進行深度訪談，展開義勇消防人員招募暨教育訓練與發展策略之研究，歸納出五項研究結論。
首先為落實義消精兵化為組織永續發展精進之基石：救災有危險性，故宜就實際能參與救災的義消人員再進行挑選，組織義消精英組織，並給予進階訓練。如此，可於人力與救災需求間取得平衡，亦可精實義消組織。其他婦宣隊或鳳凰志工亦應比照辦理。其次，義消組織亟需採行分工制度，組織效能方能擴張：當大規模複合性災害來臨，協勤人力的支援想必不理想，又需支援的項目與程度一定不同，爰平時應將協勤人力如義消等依其意願、專長、地域等分工編組，使其明確瞭解協勤內容與流程，並給予完整教育訓練，以改善目前任務指派僵化與人力運用效能低落情形，待災害來臨時每個人皆能適時適才發揮所能，並安全的完成每一次任務。第三，提供實質的獎勵制度，以強化人道價值的體現：參與救援行動而感到心靈富足的義消，因為順利的搶救人民生命財產免於更嚴重的損失而感到驕傲，這正是生命最真誠的啟示。第四，亟需設立義勇消防人員培訓中心：加強消防教育和培訓系統等軟硬兼備之核心能力，並設置綜合專業性的義勇消防人員培訓中心；增設消防訓練設施，以臻達教育訓練之內容，益加貼近實務性質，方能大幅提升我國的義消、民間救難團隊及災害防救人員的專業和救災技術，以協裨國內的義勇消防組織之教育訓練資源也能獲致有效之統整及知識與救災職能之發展傳承。最後，政府應更重視義勇消人員之生命安全及福利：警消人事預算的編列預算近年間呈現減少現象，警消站在保障人民生命安全的第一線，政府應重視警消的裝備、福利、行政等，義勇消人員工作的範圍廣泛，勤務之執行備極辛苦，值勤之時數更是無上限，義消人員的無償投入服務及犧牲奉獻的精神尤值感佩；義勇消體系的組織非常龐大，成員眾多，如何有效管理，並落實各項訓練及要求，及保障其生命安全與福利，實屬主管機關及縣市政府首長應予以正視之要責。
As the severe global climate and socio-economic patterns change, the occurrence of multi-disasters and fierce fire tests the capacity and efficiency of disaster relief. Fire safety management is an important indicator to the development of a country. It is important to pay more attention to public safety through the combination of fire department and volunteer firefighters in order to achieve highly efficient disaster rescue and relief.
This study, the recruitment and education training and strategies development of volunteer firefighters, employs literature review method and in-depth interviews with 10 interviewees. This study draws five major conclusions as follows. Firstly, the implementation of elite volunteer firefighters is the cornerstone of sustainable development. Due to the dangers of disaster rescue, volunteer firefighters should be carefully picked and trained so that a balance could be struck between disaster rescue and manpower. Other teams, such as women propaganda teams or Phoenix volunteers, should serve as secondary resources. Secondly, the volunteer firefighters should adopt a division system. When multi-disasters occur, rescue efforts could be deployed depending on the disaster’s scale. The volunteer firefighters should be divided into group by their aspiration, expertise and areas. They should then be informed of all types of rescue mission and process, as well as be provided complete education and training to improve on all tasks assigned. This way, everyone can perform well and complete every mission safely. Thirdly, provide substantial reward to strengthen embody humanitarian values. The volunteer firefighters would feel proud after a successful mission of rescuing people's lives and property from more serious damage. That is also the most sincere enlightenment of life. Another great way to strengthen the core strength of fire fighting education and training system would be to develop a volunteer fire fighter training center immediately. This training center should have equipments and training programs that cover all aspects of fire fighting in a practical manner in order to improve the professional knowledge and skills of volunteer fire fighters and civilian operated rescue teams. The training center could also be used to integrate disaster rescue knowledge so it could be easily passed on. Finally, it is imperative that the government focus their attention towards the safety and benefits of volunteer fire fighters. There has been a yearly reduction on the budget and headcount of rescue workers and fire fighters. As the first line of defense for the safety of the public, the government should ensure that rescue workers and fire fighters have the proper equipment, benefits and administration. The group of volunteer firefighters is an enormous organization with many members and their working hour and duties are just about limitless. The head of City, County, as well as the acting supervising organization should recognize the importance of volunteer firefighters and focus on how to manage, train, and provide proper safety measurements and benefits for these groups. |
