| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區成年人「宗教信仰」與「生活壓力」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區成年人分別在「宗教信仰」及「生活壓力」上的差異情形，另探討臺北地區成年人的「宗教信仰」、「生活壓力」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」及「宗教信仰」對臺北地區成年人「生活壓力」的預測力。
本研究係採「分層比例」及「滾雪球」之抽樣方式，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）成年人為調查對象，正式施測樣本為450份，回收422份，扣除填答不完整等無效問卷後，實得有效樣本410份，有效回收率91.1%。所使用研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「宗教信仰量表」、「生活壓力量表」。施測所得資料以統計應用軟體 SPSS 22.0 for Windows 進行結果分析，採取統計方法為：敘述性統計、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及迴歸分析等。本研究結果如下：
一、臺北地區成年人之「宗教信仰」與「生活壓力」之現況
（一）臺北地區成年人之整體「宗教信仰」參與度和認同度傾向於「中等程度」之狀況；其中以「宗教教化」層面為最高，傾向於「中高程度」；而以「宗教參與」層面為最低，傾向於「中低程度」。
（二）臺北地區成年人之整體「生活壓力」傾向於「中低程度」之狀況；其中以「環境壓力」層面為最高，傾向於「中高程度」；而以「個人壓力」層面為最低，傾向於「中低程度」。
二、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」對「宗教信仰」的差異情形
（一）臺北地區「成年女性」在「整體宗教信仰」之參與度和認同度較「成年男性」高。
（二）「年齡較長者」之臺北地區成年人在「整體宗教信仰」之參與度和認同度，較「年輕者」為高。
（三）「高中（職）以下畢業」之臺北地區成年人，在「整體宗教信仰」之參與度和認同度，較「大學畢業」者為高。
（四）婚姻狀況為「喪偶、離婚」之臺北地區成年人，其「宗教參與」程度較「單身，從未結婚」者為高。
（五）信仰「佛教」與「基督教」之臺北地區成年人，其「整體宗教信仰」之參與度和認同度，較「民間信仰」、「其他宗教信仰」及「無宗教信仰」之受試者為高。
三、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」對「生活壓力」的差異情形
（一）臺北地區「成年女性」之「個人壓力」較成年男性為高。
（二）「60歲以下」之臺北地區成年人，其整體「生活壓力」之感受程度，較「60歲以上」之受試者為高。
（三）教育程度為「研究所以上」之臺北地區成年人，其「工作壓力」較「高中（職）以下畢業」之受試者為高。
（四）「平均月收入20,008~50,000元」之臺北地區成年人，其「個人壓力」較「50,001元以上」之受試者為高。
（五）「有購屋貸款」且「房貸比率31%以上」之臺北地區成年人，其「家庭壓力」較無購屋貸款者為高。
四、臺北地區成年人的「宗教信仰」與「生活壓力」之相關性
臺北地區成年人之整體「宗教信仰」與整體「生活壓力」之間達顯著低程度之負相關，意即受試者之「整體宗教信仰」參與度和認同度愈高，其「整體生活壓力」程度就愈低。
五、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」、「宗教信仰」對「生活壓力」的預測力
臺北地區成年人之「年齡」、「民間信仰」、「佛教」及「宗教參與」在整體「生活壓力」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「生活壓力」14 %的變異量。表示：臺北地區成年人為「民間信仰」者、「佛教」者、「年齡」較年輕者、「宗教參與」程度較少者，其整體「生活壓力」之程度傾向愈高。
根據本研究之主要發現與結論，建議臺北地區成年人宜謹慎選擇適宜與正信的宗教信仰，避免不當的迷信；鼓勵年輕者宜嘗試參與正信的宗教活動，以利生活壓力之緩解；積極獲取正確食品安全知識，釐清相關食安疑慮，提升環境保護之素養，以利環境壓力之緩解；妥善擬定購屋計畫、做好購屋決策，選擇有利之住屋方式，以利家庭壓力之緩解。建議宗教團體宜舉辦多元化身心靈講座及活動，並加強宣傳與行銷，以提高國人宗教參與程度。建議心理輔導單位宜多瞭解宗教信仰之內涵，以做為個案輔導之工具。建議政府部門鼓勵並扶助非營利宗教團體，以淨化社會人心；並持續加強食品安全與環境保護，以利國人生活品質之提升。
The purpose of the study was to identify the current status of the adults’ “religious beliefs” and “life stress” in Taipei area, and the influences of “different personal background” on “religious beliefs” and “life stress”. In addition, the correlation of “religious beliefs” and “life stress” was probed. Furthermore, the explanation of “religious beliefs” and “life stress” was tested by “different personal background”.
In this study the survey method used for data was, stratified proportional sampling and snowball sampling based on the samples of 450 adults living in Taipei area (Taipei City and New Taipei City), in which 410 were valid responses (91.1%). Research instruments included a personal background questionnaire, religious beliefs scale, and life stress scale. SPSS for Windows 22.0 was used to analyze all the data collected with the approaches such as descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. With the aim of surveying the adults’ religious beliefs and life stress, the major findings were as follows:
A. The current status of the adults’ “religious beliefs” and “life stress” in Taipei area:
1. “Religious beliefs” is at moderate level for adults in Taipei area. Among others, the aspect of “religious education” is the highest and at upper moderate level, while the aspect of “religious participation” is the lowest and at medium-low level.
2. “Life stress” is at medium-low level for adults in Taipei area. Among others, the aspect of “environmental stress” is the highest and at upper moderate level, while the aspect of “personal stress” is the lowest and at medium-low level.
B. The influence of “different personal background” on “religious beliefs”.
1. Significant differences in “religious beliefs” are found for adults of different gender, in which the overall “religious beliefs” for female adults is significantly higher than males.
2. Significant differences in “religious beliefs” are found for adults in different ages, in which the overall “religious beliefs” for older adults is significantly higher than the younger.
3. Significant differences in “religious beliefs” are found for adults of different education levels, in which the overall “religious beliefs” for adults below high school is significantly higher than university.
4. Significant differences in “religious beliefs” are found for adults of different marital status, in which the “religious participation” for adults of widowhood and divorcees is significantly higher than single.
5. Significant differences in “religious beliefs” are found for adults of different religion sects, in which the overall “religious beliefs “for adults of Buddhism and Christianity is significantly higher than Folk Beliefs and others.
C. The influence of “different personal background” on “life stress”.
1. Significant differences in “life stress” are found for adults of different gender, in which the “personal stress” for female adults is significantly higher than the male.
2. Significant differences in “life stress” are found for adults of different ages, in which the overall “life stress” for adults under the age of 60 is significantly higher than others.
3. Significant differences in “life stress” are found for adults of different education levels, in which “work stress” for adults of graduate institutes.is significantly higher than below high school.
4. Significant differences in “life stress” are found for adults of different personal incomings, in which the “personal stress” for adults of 20,008~50,000 is significantly higher than above 50,001.
5. Adults with housing loans and the loans rates above 31% have significantly higher “family stress” than those without mortgag.
D. The correlationship between the adults’ “religious beliefs” and “life stress”.
As a whole, there is a low, positive and significant correlation between the overall “religious beliefs” and the overall “life stress”. In other words, the higher overall “religious beliefs”, the lower overall “life stress”.
E. The explanation of “religious beliefs” and “life stress” by “different personal background”.
In Taipei area, the factors of Folk Beliefs, Buddhism, age, and religious participation impact significantly on overall “life stress”, which can predict 14% of variables in subjects’ overall “life stress”. That means, the younger adults in “Folk Beliefs”, “Buddhism” with less religious participation tend to have higher “life stress”.
Based on the major findings and conclusions from this study, adults in Taipei area are advised to be cautious on choosing the proper and righteous religions, avoiding the improper superstitions. Young people are encouraged to participate in righteous religious activities to relieve their life stress; to actively obtain correct understanding about the food safety and clarify related concerns, to promote the literacy about environment, in order to relieve the environmental stress; to make a sound plan and strategy for housing purchase, and choose a benefiticial housing to relieve the family stress. It’s advisable that the religious groups conduct diversified spiritual workshops and events, to encourage the religious participation by more promotions and marketings. It’s advisable the mental coaching agencies understand more about religious beliefs, to serve as a coaching tool. The governmental authorties should encourage and foster the non-profit religious groups to purify the social mind and continue to facilitate the food safety and environmental preservation, so as to promote the overall life quality. |
