| 摘要: | 全球化加速交流與擴大各國之間的經濟活動，改變了競爭環境；除了產品貿易與資金移動之外，隨之而來的跨國與區域間的人才流動和分工也成為一種趨勢。早期跨國移民研究中以跨國菁英、低階勞動移民與尋求政治庇護的移民為主。近年在晚近台灣社會研究中，成為一個新興且重要的話題。遷徙除了獲得更好的職業地位，不論是長期或短期的遷徙。移民在遷移過程中體現了能動性，可以自由往來於不同地區、國界、文化以及社會體系，往擁有更佳機會的地方流動。
在既有研究中，移出研究以台商、台籍外派人員為主，較為缺乏個人赴陸的專業技術工作者，而本研究對象則為台灣表演藝術工作者。因現有相關研究者較少，本研究為個案分析之質性研究，旨在探討台灣表演藝術工作者：
一、 赴陸前的工作背景、移出動機，進而彙整出兩者的推力與拉力因素。
二、 赴陸後的工作現況，探討其優勢、發展、風險與危機。
三、 其相關適應問題之分析與策略。
研究發現，選擇離開熟悉的環境至外地工作的遷徙行為，只要勞動市場中有符合他們對職涯期望的發展機會，他們也會依自我專長，躍躍欲試轉向另一個新的職涯領域，同時對個人地位提升與資源取得上具有正面作用。是遷入地的高工作報酬、預期更好的就業機會、更高的工作滿意、實現自我價值，有更多的成分是連結個人的機會與專業生涯的規劃。
而表演藝術產業的「移動」特性，讓這群技術工作者傾向跨越多位雇主、更廣的工作範圍、多種的職能類型以及不同國度，而隨之時常變換的工作角色與生涯的一種職涯發展。然而，彈性勞動體制下的風險也較高，對於當地醫療與保險的不信任，維持並連結其原先在台灣的資源與保障。
同時，該產業的移動特性，更讓這群專業技術工作者，能夠適應在以大陸人為主的工作、生活環境中。雖跨國流動至當地工作，但其在對於自身國族認同與想像中，仍保有其自我意識。但瞭解身為「少數人」的他們，選擇以「內在調適」——正向心理思考、堅持自我信念、拋開偏見；「外在行動」——避免衝突、融入當地社會、溝通方式轉換等策略，因為在當地人脈的積累，是維持其優勢之重要因素。
Globalization has facilitated intercommunication among peoples of diverse political, economic and socio-cultural backgrounds and expanded economic transnational activities, thus transforming the competitive environment. Aside from the trade of goods and flow of capital, the concomitant increase in the transnational and interregional flow of talent and the division of labor have recently also become a global trend. Early transnational migration studies focus on transnational elites, working-class migrants and refugees seeking political asylum. In recent Taiwan social studies, the phenomenon of migration has become an important topic. Migration not only offers more job opportunities or better career prospects; during migration, whether it is long- or short-term, migrants demonstrate “motility” in the process as they can freely traverse diverse regions, nations, cultures and socio-economic systems, with the aim of moving to places with better employment opportunities.
Extant studies on the migration of Taiwanese people to Mainland China have primarily focused on expatriates employed by Taiwanese corporations, while individuals who, equipped with specialized skills, have sought employment on their own or are self-employed in China have largely been excluded or ignored. To address the lack of research on this particular group of migrants in China, this thesis will focus on Taiwanese perform the art worker as the subject. Due to the lack of related research on this topic, this thesis will take the form of a case study of Taiwanese performance artists working in China at the time of research, divided into the following three parts:
1) the artists’ work experience prior to moving to China, and their motivation for leaving Taiwan, thereby examining how the two factors complement or contradict each other.
2) work conditions in China, examining the advantages, career prospects, risks and dangers of working in the region.
3) an analysis of the problems faced while adapting to the working environment in China and the strategies used to cope with the transition.
This study finds that people decide to leave their familiar environment and move abroad to work when they see that the overseas labour market offers them more job opportunities with better career prospects . They will, according to their strengths and fields of specialisation, attempt to make a foray into a new career field if they see that this attempt brings them higher pay, more job opportunities, greater job satisfaction, a higher social status and a higher possibility for self-actualisation. The two decisive factors for Taiwanese job hunters migrating to China, as this study shows, are the opportunities for building and expanding personal networks and an individual’s career planning.
The “mobile” nature of the performance arts industry enables and demands artists working in this field to work for multiple employers in multiple countries or regions, thus expanding their career fields as they gain experience doing different types of work. Consequently, the constantly changing nature of their work facilitates career development. However, there is a relatively higher risk in working in the elastic labour market in China, and due to the lack of trust in the local healthcare and labour insurance system in China, Taiwanese artists working in China strive to maintain their access to resources in Taiwan in order to safeguard their interests.
Meanwhile, the “mobility” of the industry enables these professionals to better adapt to a working and living environment which is populated predominantly by mainland Chinese. Although working as foreign nationals, these people still maintain a high sense of self-awareness regarding their national identity. But as “minorities,” they have chosen “psychological adjustment”—positive thinking, adherence to personal beliefs, jettisoning prejudices, and “external action”—avoiding conflicts, assimilating into local societies and cultures, changing communication methods, etc. After all, building personal networks and connections is the most crucial factor in maintaining one’s competitiveness in the region. |
