| 摘要: | 傳統上，電子工業產品可分成三大部份：即ぇ消費性產品え軍事用品，及ぉ電腦。 戰後電子工業的迅速發展，已成為重要的工業。對於某些國家而言，新興的電子工業已取代 了傳統的許多工業，而成為經濟成長的支柱。臺灣就是個例子。臺灣某些電子產品，特別是 個人電腦，現已躋身世界主要生產國，而聞名於世，對於近年來一般工業景氣不佳的情況下 ，算是一個異數，也是近年臺灣經濟得以維持現在成長率的主要功臣。 電子工業的最大特色乃在其產品創新的能力特別強，當一種產品市場漸飽和時，新產品馬上 應運而生，藉著這種創新能力，使電子工業可以不斷維持其市場潛力，當然並不是所有電子 工業都具有如此的創新能力，就像其他工業的工廠一樣，其創新能力的發揮，在許多成份上 視其工業組織的形成與可塑性而定。 本文的目的並不想去探討電子工業策略之複雜性問題，而是企圖提出影響與改變電子工業活 動的原則，這些原則是根據〞工業組織理論〞來說明其結構基礎。所謂工業組織理論的重點 是指，一企業在遭遇外在挑戰時，所提出的系列因應的策略，從組織結構上加強其競爭力。
Traditionally, the electronics industry can be divided into three parts: ぇconsumer products,えmilitary application, and ぉcomputers. Although the consumer products of electronics industry, such as radio and later television, started to develop in late 19 century, however, the military procurrement needs propelled the electronics industry into an advanced development stage during and after world war II. The rapid development of the computer industry after World War II in particular benefited strongly from military initiatives. By the end of the war, the first-generation electronic computers were available, but, it was not until the 1950sdid their commercial debut occur. Notable achievements in the electronics and communications field have occurrred after World War II, among them were the introducations of holography in 1947 and the transistor in 1948. The latter achievement signaled the new era of the micro- electronics field, which led directly into the so-called 'information age' 25 yeas later. More to the point, however, is the view that industry, in being technologically intensive and subject to speedy technical change, can resort to R & D to propagate new products and , along with them new market. This development, in return, can be very helpful to the economic development of the advanced countries as well as the developing countries. To some NICs, the electronics industry has actually become a pillar of their economic flourish. Taiwan is a case in point. The object of this paper is not to dispel the complexities of the combination and permutations of strategies followed by the electronics enterprises, but to attempt to provide a few basic guidelines influencing and motivating the actions of archetypal firms drawn from the mass of real electronics producers. This object is discharged by playing on the structural foundations of real electronics firms and linking these foundations to the precepts of industrial organisation theory. |
