| 摘要: | 臺灣因位於板塊聚合邊界，島弧構造交結點，地殼變動頻繁，褶皺、斷層變位十 分普遍。 第四紀以來反覆活動， 將來還有可能再活動的斷層，經中外學者調查，已認定有 150 多條活斷層，約有 1/3 分布於花東縱谷帶，其餘散布在西部的臺地平原。 依活斷層切 過的階序、崖高對比，及其伴生的斷層地形，可據以推定各活斷層活動的相對時間、隆升量 及位移性質。島上斷層隆升地形，有斷塊山地、地壘、傾動臺地、斷層崖、引曳崖、壓力脊 等變化；斷層下陷地形有斷層谷、斷層溝、斷陷盆地、斷層池等不同發育，斷層錯移產生有 斷錯山腳、閉塞丘、斷錯階地和斷錯河谷等罕見地貌，沿斷層線、面的風化侵蝕，則形成了 直線谷、堤溝、斷層鞍部、斷側丘、三角面等景觀。斷層地形多采多姿。這些斷層地形的生 成， 依其變位狀態可歸納為 (1) 地壘拱升、(2) 臺地傾動、(3) 盆地斷陷、(4) 階狀斷層 、(5) 地形斷錯等五種變位模式。
The Taiwan Island is located by the covergence bourdary of plat tectonics and on the node of island arches. Crust movement are vigorous and prosperous on the island. Fault landscapes are well developed and different displacement models are included. Depend on the faults cut across terraces sequence, fault scarp height correlation and landforms by fault displacement, it is possible to estimate the relative time span of active faults, uplifting amount and characteristics of displacement. In Taiwan area, fault block mountain, horstlike tableland, tilted tableland, fault cliff,drag scarp and pressure ridge are found in uplifting fault forms; and such as fault valley, fault trench, fault basin and fault sag are discovered in subsidence fault forms, Many strike-slip faults produce off-set up spur, shutter ridge, off-set terrace and off-set stream. Whereas, weathering and erosion along fault line or fault plane will have linear valley, dyke furrow, Kerncol, Kernbut and triagular face etc. According to property of landform displacement, those abundant and precious fault landscapes can be inducted into five genetic models: 1. horst uplifting 2.tableland tilting 3. basin subsidence 4. step faulting and 5. land off-set. |
