非營利組織的發展在世界各國當中已有長久的歷史以及重要的地位。非營利組織最初的形成是為了爭取少數民眾的權益與需求，由於公部門無法有效地滿足與保障少數民眾的需求以及權益，因此少數的民眾便凝聚共同的力量形成團體，以爭取民眾的權益及需求為目標，久而久之則發展為不以營利為目的的組織，凝聚更大的力量為更多的民眾爭取權益及關注更為廣泛的議題。
每個非營利組織在發展的脈絡中皆有其關鍵及重要的因素，帶領組織不斷的發展。但非營利組織有許多不同的類型，因此本研究之目的在於了解環境保護類非營利組織的關鍵成功因素，以環境保護類非營利組織中具代表性的荒野保護協會為個案研究的對象，深入的探討荒野保護協會的社會實踐行動及關鍵成功因素，同時也了解兩者的變遷。
本研究運用了文獻分析方法、一般問卷調查法及深度訪談法，以多角度的方式了解荒野保護協會的社會實踐以及組織發展的關鍵成功因素，並在深度訪談的過程與分析中，了解到荒野保護協會關鍵成功因素與社會實踐的變遷，同時也了解到荒野保護協會在未來組織發展上的目標與方向，以及提出相關研究建議。
In the world, nonprofit organization’s development had long history and important position. The origin reason of non-profit organization is fighting for the rights of people. Because public sector can’t satisfy and ensure few people’s demands and rights effectively. Therefore, few people agglomerate power to becoming group. Over the long time, the group become to nonprofit organization. The nonprofit organization agglomerate more and more power to fighting for the rights of people and follow more and more issues.
In the choroid of development, each nonprofit organization have critical and important factors. The important factors can lead organization continuous development. But organization have many types, therefore, the purpose of this study is to discover critical success factors for the environmental protection type of nonprofit organization. The object of case study is “The Society of Wilderness” that has representative of environmental protection nonprofit organization. Depth research the social practices and critical success factors of “The Society of Wilderness”, and study the changes of both.
This study use many research methods, including documentary analysis, questionnaire survey, and in-depth interview. That is to study social practices and critical success factors for The Society of Wilderness from multi-angles. In the process and analysis of questionnaire survey, that is study the changes of social practices and critical success factors for The Society of Wilderness. Simultaneously, that is study objective and orientation to future development of organization for The Society of Wilderness, and proposal some relevant research suggestions.
