| 摘要: | 柯洛（Jean Baptiste Camille Corot, 1796~1875）是一位19世紀法國出色的風景畫家，他的作品承襲了新古典主義（Neoclassicism）中充滿理想的典雅、寧靜；浪漫主義（Romanticism）所表現的詩意豐沛情感，以及自然主義（Naturalism）巴比松畫派（Barbizon School）追求寫生的純樸、真實等特質。柯洛將這些畫派的特質融合為一，再加上自己獨特的情感思維與繪畫技巧，彰顯出抒情、和諧的繪畫風格來歌頌自然萬物的原生能量。他的畫作極富個人的情感和特色，尤其柯洛晚期的風景畫中，較偏重於朦朧、幽靜、夢幻和優美的迷濛意境與畫面氛圍，此獨特風格的畫面表現饒富柔和與親切的感人魅力，深得觀賞者們的喜愛。因此，筆者將於本論文中，深入地探討繪畫大師柯洛的晚年創作，以及其如何在當年畫壇充斥著新古典主義、浪漫主義、寫實主義（Realism）以及自然主義等眾多潮流中，不受到任一畫派的牽制下，默默地耕耘並發展出無人能取代的自然雲霧感之寫意繪畫特質。
首先，筆者研究法國風景畫發展的背景，依時間的演變，自17世紀理想風景畫的先拓，再進入18世紀裝飾風景畫的肇始，接著是與柯洛年代相近的19世紀純粹風景畫的盛行，從演變中瞭解風景畫的發展對柯洛有何直接或間接的影響。接著筆者研究柯洛的創作背景，除了介紹其重要生平之外，亦探討柯洛成為風景畫家的主要因素，以及柯洛創作風格的階段演變；爾後研究範圍則進入到柯洛的晚期繪畫風格1850年代以後，主要分析其充滿雲霧感的風景繪畫，再針對其繪畫表現技法、構成特色，以及畫家本身的創作思維與情感作一深入的探索，並與其他畫家的風格進行比較，試圖找出柯洛的繪畫創作脈絡與其帶有寫意思維之特質。
Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (1796~1875) was an outstanding French landscape painter in 19th century. His works succeeded the ideal elegance and silence of Neoclassicism, the poetic emotions of Romanticism and the simplicity and reality of Naturalism. By integrating features of those schools with his unique thoughts and superb painting skills, Corot eulogized the original power of nature by lyric and harmonious painting style. His works were full of personal emotions and characters. Especially in his last years, he highlighted an artistic conception and atmosphere indistinct, peaceful, dreamlike and elegant in his landscape works, which were beloved by visitors due to the special style full of soft and amiable charm. Therefore, the study discussed Corot’s works in his later years, and how he developed the thinking of freehand brushwork of mist painting style irreplaceable without any restriction from those popular schools at that time, such as Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism.
First, the development of French landscape painting was explored, from the pioneering of ideal landscape painting in 17th century, the beginning of decorative landscape painting in 18th century, to the emerging of pure landscape painting in 19th century close to Corot’s time. From the evolution, how the landscape painting influenced Corot directly or indirectly was explored. Then the creating background of Corot was researched. Besides the milestones in his life, the main incentives of being a landscape painter and the evolution of his creating style were discussed attentively. Then the study focused on the painting style in his later years after 1850s, analyzing his mist world in landscape painting. His expressing skills, structuring features and creating thoughts and emotions were deeply explored. A comparison with other painters was also conducted to find the creating context and style features of Corot’s thinking of freehand. |
