| Abstract: | 本論文研究之主旨，主要是希望以日本住民投票來說明直接民權之理論與實踐，以及日本住民投票對日本民主發展之影響。
孫中山先生認為，人民應該被賦予選舉、罷免、創制以及複決等四種直接民權的權利，因為有了這四種權利，人民就可以按照他們的意願來督促政府施政，使政府施政更加完善， 中山先生所提倡的直接民權正是現今重要且珍貴的民主本質。另外，中山先生之直接民權思想與西方之直接民主理論，均是指透過人民投票去直接表示人民主權意志之一種制度方式，所以在制度上，中山先生之直接民權思想與西方之直接民主理論並無差別。
日本二次戰敗後，自1947年施行美國所主導制定的日本國憲法（又稱和平憲法）以及住民參政制度以來，發展至今已經有多年的歷史。一般對日本的政治印象多為保守官僚的政治制度，但在保守官僚政治的背後仍然存有直接民主精神之住民投票。日本全國性住民投票除國民審查之外，憲法改正之全國性住民投票至今尚未施行過，而地方性住民投票施行已有多年歷史，因此日本住民投票之施行仍有其限制、問題點以及法制化等問題，有必要加以深入探討和分析。因此，希望藉本論文之撰寫將住民投票制度加以分析探討，並找出其解決之道，以提供台灣參考。
The purpose of the dissertation is mainly to illustrate the theory and practice of direct democracy in terms of Japanese referendum, as well as the impact of Japanese referendum on democratic development in Japan.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen believes that: People should be given four direct democratic rights of election, recall, initiative and referendum, etc. Having these four rights, people can follow their will to urge the government to implement policy, to render government policy more perfect. Direct democratic rights advocated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen is currently an important and valuable democratic essence. In addition, both Dr. Sun Yat-sen's thought of democratic rights and theory of Western direct democracy are an institutional way to directly represent the sovereign will of the people by means of popular vote, so in the system, Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s thought of direct democratic rights and the Western theory of direct democracy are undifferentiated.
After defeat of the Second World War, since 1947 Japan implemented the constitution of Japan formulated under the guidance of the United States (also known as the Peace Constitution) and the institution of residents participating in politics, it has been developing for many years. The general impression of Japanese politics is mostly a conservative bureaucratic political system, but in the back of the conservative bureaucracy, it still harbors direct democratic spirit of resident vote. In addition to the national review, Japan’s nationwide resident vote corrected by constitution has not yet been implemented, but the local resident vote has been implemented for many years of history. Therefore the implementation of Japanese referendum still has its limitations, problems and legalization and other issues, needed to be further discussed and analyzed. Therefore, I hope to analyze and discuss the referendum through this paper, and find its solution, in order to provide Taiwan with a reference. |
